mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SCoFT: Self-Contrastive Fine-Tuning for Equitable Image Generation

arXiv 2401.08053 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2024cs.CVcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Accurate representation in media is known to improve the well-being of the people who consume it. Generative image models trained on large web-crawled datasets such as LAION are known to produce images with harmful stereotypes and misrepresentations of cultures. We improve inclusive representation in generated images by (1) engaging with communities to collect a culturally representative dataset that we call the Cross-Cultural Understanding Benchmark (CCUB) and (2) proposing a novel Self-Contrastive Fine-Tuning (SCoFT) method that leverages the model's known biases to self-improve. SCoFT is designed to prevent overfitting on small datasets, encode only high-level information from the data, and shift the generated distribution away from misrepresentations encoded in a pretrained model. Our user study conducted on 51 participants from 5 different countries based on their self-selected national cultural affiliation shows that fine-tuning on CCUB consistently generates images with higher cultural relevance and fewer stereotypes when compared to the Stable Diffusion baseline, which is further improved with our SCoFT technique.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2024.

Builds on

43 of 64 references.

References · 43

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  6. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  7. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
  8. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
  9. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,286
  10. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,388
  11. 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
  12. 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
31 more
  1. 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,268
  2. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusioncited by 1,099
  3. 2021DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulationcited by 640
  4. 2023Directly Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models on Differentiable Rewardscited by 431
  5. 2022Blended Latent Diffusioncited by 430
  6. 2023Unified Concept Editing in Diffusion Modelscited by 377
  7. 2021AI and the Everything in the Whole Wide World Benchmarkcited by 340
  8. 2021Multimodal datasets: misogyny, pornography, and malignant stereotypescited by 326
  9. 2023Ablating Concepts in Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 312
  10. 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 285
  11. 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 225
  12. 2019A Framework for Understanding Sources of Harm throughout the Machine Learning Life Cyclecited by 192
  13. 2021Visually Grounded Reasoning across Languages and Culturescited by 188
  14. 2021RedCaps: web-curated image-text data created by the people, for the peoplecited by 175
  15. 2023MiDaS v3.1 -- A Model Zoo for Robust Monocular Relative Depth Estimationcited by 173
  16. 2023Concept Sliders: LoRA Adaptors for Precise Control in Diffusion Modelscited by 148
  17. 2020Towards Accountability for Machine Learning Datasets: Practices from Software Engineering and Infrastructurecited by 138
  18. 2022ERNIE-ViLG 2.0: Improving Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Knowledge-Enhanced Mixture-of-Denoising-Expertscited by 110
  19. 2023End-to-End Diffusion Latent Optimization Improves Classifier Guidancecited by 107
  20. 2021Do Datasets Have Politics? Disciplinary Values in Computer Vision Dataset Developmentcited by 85
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  23. 2022Measuring Representational Harms in Image Captioningcited by 36
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  26. 2020Adversarial Crowdsourcing Through Robust Rank-One Matrix Completioncited by 21
  27. 2022FRIDA: A Collaborative Robot Painter with a Differentiable, Real2Sim2Real Planning Environmentcited by 18
  28. 2022Robots Enact Malignant Stereotypescited by 14
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.

19 papers.

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  1. 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 66
  2. 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 30
  3. 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediatorscited by 24
  4. 2024SANER: Annotation-free Societal Attribute Neutralizer for Debiasing CLIPcited by 19
  5. 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metricscited by 14
  6. 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 12
  7. 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activitiescited by 9
  8. 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
  9. 2025Culture-TRIP: Culturally-Aware Text-to-Image Generation with Iterative Prompt Refinementcited by 7
  10. 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptionscited by 6
  11. 2025Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluationcited by 5
  12. 2024FairSkin: Fair Diffusion for Skin Disease Image Generationcited by 4
7 more
  1. 2025Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Modelscited by 4
  2. 2025Linear Differential Vision Transformer: Learning Visual Contrasts via Pairwise Differentialscited by 4
  3. 2026Toward Trustworthy Portrait Editing: Evaluation of Demographic Misrepresentation in I2I Modelscited by 1
  4. 2026Training-Free Debiasing of Diffusion Models via CLIP-Guided Denoising Optimizationcited by 1
  5. 2025Beyond Sliders: Mastering the Art of Diffusion-based Image Manipulationcited by 0
  6. 2026TokenDial: Continuous Attribute Control for Text-to-Video Generation in Visual Dial Spacecited by 0
  7. 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Towards Equitable Representation in Text-to-Image Synthesis Models with the Cross-Cultural Understanding Benchmark (CCUB) Dataset
  2. 2025Deconstructing Bias: A Multifaceted Framework for Diagnosing Cultural and Compositional Inequities in Text-to-Image Generative Models
  3. 2023RS-Corrector: Correcting the Racial Stereotypes in Latent Diffusion Models
  4. 2025Diffusion Models Through a Global Lens: Are They Culturally Inclusive?
  5. 2023Fair Text-to-Image Diffusion via Fair Mapping
  6. 2024No Filter: Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity in Contrastive Vision-Language Models
  7. 2025Hidden Bias in the Machine: Stereotypes in Text-to-Image Models
  8. 2026Cultural Counterfactuals: Evaluating Cultural Biases in Large Vision-Language Models with Counterfactual Examples