SCoFT: Self-Contrastive Fine-Tuning for Equitable Image Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate representation in media is known to improve the well-being of the people who consume it. Generative image models trained on large web-crawled datasets such as LAION are known to produce images with harmful stereotypes and misrepresentations of cultures. We improve inclusive representation in generated images by (1) engaging with communities to collect a culturally representative dataset that we call the Cross-Cultural Understanding Benchmark (CCUB) and (2) proposing a novel Self-Contrastive Fine-Tuning (SCoFT) method that leverages the model's known biases to self-improve. SCoFT is designed to prevent overfitting on small datasets, encode only high-level information from the data, and shift the generated distribution away from misrepresentations encoded in a pretrained model. Our user study conducted on 51 participants from 5 different countries based on their self-selected national cultural affiliation shows that fine-tuning on CCUB consistently generates images with higher cultural relevance and fewer stereotypes when compared to the Stable Diffusion baseline, which is further improved with our SCoFT technique.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2024.
Builds on
43 of 64 references.
References · 43
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- 2022Blended Latent Diffusioncited by 430
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.
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- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 66
- 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 30
- 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediatorscited by 24
- 2024SANER: Annotation-free Societal Attribute Neutralizer for Debiasing CLIPcited by 19
- 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metricscited by 14
- 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 12
- 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activitiescited by 9
- 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025Culture-TRIP: Culturally-Aware Text-to-Image Generation with Iterative Prompt Refinementcited by 7
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptionscited by 6
- 2025Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluationcited by 5
- 2024FairSkin: Fair Diffusion for Skin Disease Image Generationcited by 4
7 more
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- 2026Training-Free Debiasing of Diffusion Models via CLIP-Guided Denoising Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025Beyond Sliders: Mastering the Art of Diffusion-based Image Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026TokenDial: Continuous Attribute Control for Text-to-Video Generation in Visual Dial Spacecited by 0
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
- 2026Training-Free Debiasing of Diffusion Models via CLIP-Guided Denoising Optimization1 Jul 2026
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generation31 May 2026
- 2026TokenDial: Continuous Attribute Control for Text-to-Video Generation in Visual Dial Space29 Mar 2026
- 2026Toward Trustworthy Portrait Editing: Evaluation of Demographic Misrepresentation in I2I Models18 Feb 2026
- 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generation21 Nov 2025
- 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activities7 Nov 2025
- 2025Linear Differential Vision Transformer: Learning Visual Contrasts via Pairwise Differentials2 Nov 2025
- 2025Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond Sliders: Mastering the Art of Diffusion-based Image Manipulation14 Sep 2025
- 2025Bias in Gender Bias Benchmarks: How Spurious Features Distort Evaluation9 Sep 2025
- 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metrics10 Jun 2025
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptions27 May 2025
7 more
- 2025Culture-TRIP: Culturally-Aware Text-to-Image Generation with Iterative Prompt Refinement24 Feb 2025
- 2024FairSkin: Fair Diffusion for Skin Disease Image Generation29 Oct 2024
- 2024SANER: Annotation-free Societal Attribute Neutralizer for Debiasing CLIP19 Aug 2024
- 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediators11 Aug 2024
- 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Survey5 Aug 2024
- 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Models9 Jul 2024
- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigation1 Apr 2024
- 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediatorscited by 24
- 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activitiescited by 9
- 2025Culture-TRIP: Culturally-Aware Text-to-Image Generation with Iterative Prompt Refinementcited by 7
- 2026Training-Free Debiasing of Diffusion Models via CLIP-Guided Denoising Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025Beyond Sliders: Mastering the Art of Diffusion-based Image Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026TokenDial: Continuous Attribute Control for Text-to-Video Generation in Visual Dial Spacecited by 0
- 2026Training-Free Debiasing of Diffusion Models via CLIP-Guided Denoising Optimization1 Jul 2026
- 2026TokenDial: Continuous Attribute Control for Text-to-Video Generation in Visual Dial Space29 Mar 2026
- 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activities7 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Sliders: Mastering the Art of Diffusion-based Image Manipulation14 Sep 2025
- 2025Culture-TRIP: Culturally-Aware Text-to-Image Generation with Iterative Prompt Refinement24 Feb 2025
- 2024Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Step-wise Dynamic Attention Mediators11 Aug 2024
- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 66
- 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 30
- 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metricscited by 14
- 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Surveycited by 12
- 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptionscited by 6
- 2024FairSkin: Fair Diffusion for Skin Disease Image Generationcited by 4
- 2025Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Modelscited by 4
- 2025Linear Differential Vision Transformer: Learning Visual Contrasts via Pairwise Differentialscited by 4
- 2026Toward Trustworthy Portrait Editing: Evaluation of Demographic Misrepresentation in I2I Modelscited by 1
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
- 2026KG-FairDiff: Knowledge Graph-Guided Prompt Refinement for Demographically Fair Text-to-Image Generation31 May 2026
- 2026Toward Trustworthy Portrait Editing: Evaluation of Demographic Misrepresentation in I2I Models18 Feb 2026
- 2025Where Culture Fades: Revealing the Cultural Gap in Text-to-Image Generation21 Nov 2025
- 2025Linear Differential Vision Transformer: Learning Visual Contrasts via Pairwise Differentials2 Nov 2025
- 2025Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metrics10 Jun 2025
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptions27 May 2025
- 2024FairSkin: Fair Diffusion for Skin Disease Image Generation29 Oct 2024
- 2024Fairness and Bias Mitigation in Computer Vision: A Survey5 Aug 2024
- 2024Beyond Aesthetics: Cultural Competence in Text-to-Image Models9 Jul 2024
- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigation1 Apr 2024
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- 2025Deconstructing Bias: A Multifaceted Framework for Diagnosing Cultural and Compositional Inequities in Text-to-Image Generative Models
- 2023RS-Corrector: Correcting the Racial Stereotypes in Latent Diffusion Models
- 2025Diffusion Models Through a Global Lens: Are They Culturally Inclusive?
- 2023Fair Text-to-Image Diffusion via Fair Mapping
- 2024No Filter: Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity in Contrastive Vision-Language Models
- 2025Hidden Bias in the Machine: Stereotypes in Text-to-Image Models
- 2026Cultural Counterfactuals: Evaluating Cultural Biases in Large Vision-Language Models with Counterfactual Examples