mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Prompt Expansion for Adaptive Text-to-Image Generation

arXiv 2312.16720 ↗First posted 27 Dec 2023cs.CVcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-image generation models are powerful but difficult to use. Users craft specific prompts to get better images, though the images can be repetitive. This paper proposes a Prompt Expansion framework that helps users generate high-quality, diverse images with less effort. The Prompt Expansion model takes a text query as input and outputs a set of expanded text prompts that are optimized such that when passed to a text-to-image model, generates a wider variety of appealing images. We conduct a human evaluation study that shows that images generated through Prompt Expansion are more aesthetically pleasing and diverse than those generated by baseline methods. Overall, this paper presents a novel and effective approach to improving the text-to-image generation experience.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Dec 2023.

Builds on

17 of 26 references.

References · 17

  1. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
  2. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  3. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  4. 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
  5. 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,848
  6. 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
  7. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,286
  8. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
  9. 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,388
  10. 2022CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Modelscited by 1,265
  11. 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformercited by 1,058
  12. 2022PaLI: A Jointly-Scaled Multilingual Language-Image Modelcited by 762
5 more
  1. 2019Neural Text Generation with Unlikelihood Trainingcited by 489
  2. 2023Hard Prompts Made Easy: Gradient-Based Discrete Optimization for Prompt Tuning and Discoverycited by 329
  3. 2022UL2: Unifying Language Learning Paradigmscited by 292
  4. 2023Social Biases through the Text-to-Image Generation Lenscited by 126
  5. 2022Underspecification in Scene Description-to-Depiction Taskscited by 30

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 13; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2024Motion Prompting: Controlling Video Generation with Motion Trajectoriescited by 176
  2. 2025T2I-R1: Reinforcing Image Generation with Collaborative Semantic-level and Token-level CoTcited by 162
  3. 2025SnapMoGen: Human Motion Generation from Expressive Textscited by 44
  4. 2026Inference-time Physics Alignment of Video Generative Models with Latent World Modelscited by 32
  5. 2024Proactive Agents for Multi-Turn Text-to-Image Generation Under Uncertaintycited by 23
  6. 2025Maestro: Self-Improving Text-to-Image Generation via Agent Orchestrationcited by 18
  7. 2024WorldGPT: A Sora-Inspired Video AI Agent as Rich World Models from Text and Image Inputscited by 15
  8. 2025Bifrost-1: Bridging Multimodal LLMs and Diffusion Models with Patch-level CLIP Latentscited by 8
  9. 2025VisualPrompter: Semantic-Aware Prompt Optimization with Visual Feedback for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 6
  10. 2025The Intricate Dance of Prompt Complexity, Quality, Diversity, and Consistency in T2I Modelscited by 6
  11. 2025Reusing Computation in Text-to-Image Diffusion for Efficient Generation of Image Setscited by 4
  12. 2025POET: Preference Optimization for Enhanced Text-to-Image Generationcited by 3
12 more
  1. 2025Personalized Reward Modeling for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 3
  2. 2024Dynamic and Super-Personalized Media Ecosystem Driven by Generative AI: Unpredictable Plays Never Repeating The Samecited by 1
  3. 2025Un-Doubling Diffusion: LLM-guided Disambiguation of Homonym Duplicationcited by 1
  4. 2025Diversifying Long Prompt Image Generation through Structured Prompt Embedding Space Samplingcited by 1
  5. 2026One Rewrite to Fix Them All? Type-Aware Repair Allocation for Text-to-Image Prompt Optimizationcited by 1
  6. 2025Hierarchical Vision-Language Alignment for Text-to-Image Generation via Diffusion Modelscited by 0
  7. 2025Evolve to Inspire: Novelty Search for Diverse Image Generationcited by 0
  8. 2026Adaptive Prompt Elicitation for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 0
  9. 2026Conditioning Matters: Stabilizing Inversion and Attention in Diffusion Image Editingcited by 0
  10. 2026AutoRef: Harness Optimization for Agentic Multi-Reference Image Generationcited by 0
  11. 2026VIF-Bench: Evaluating Visual Instruction Following in Multi-Reference Image Generationcited by 0
  12. 2026A Matched-Budget Audit Framework for Recaptioned Image-Text Supervision Distributionscited by 0