mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Zero-Shot Fact-Checking with Semantic Triples and Knowledge Graphs

arXiv 2312.11785 ↗First posted 19 Dec 2023cs.CLcited by 8

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite progress in automated fact-checking, most systems require a significant amount of labeled training data, which is expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel zero-shot method, which instead of operating directly on the claim and evidence sentences, decomposes them into semantic triples augmented using external knowledge graphs, and uses large language models trained for natural language inference. This allows it to generalize to adversarial datasets and domains that supervised models require specific training data for. Our empirical results show that our approach outperforms previous zero-shot approaches on FEVER, FEVER-Symmetric, FEVER 2.0, and Climate-FEVER, while being comparable or better than supervised models on the adversarial and the out-of-domain datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2023.

Builds on

18 of 32 references.

References · 18

  1. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
  2. 2020MiniLM: Deep Self-Attention Distillation for Task-Agnostic Compression of Pre-Trained Transformerscited by 1,414
  3. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
  4. 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 656
  5. 2021A Survey on Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 376
  6. 2019KEPLER: A Unified Model for Knowledge Embedding and Pre-trained Language Representationcited by 356
  7. 2019K-BERT: Enabling Language Representation with Knowledge Graphcited by 303
  8. 2018Hypothesis Only Baselines in Natural Language Inferencecited by 291
  9. 2020CLIMATE-FEVER: A Dataset for Verification of Real-World Climate Claimscited by 195
  10. 2021Knowledgeable Prompt-tuning: Incorporating Knowledge into Prompt Verbalizer for Text Classificationcited by 183
  11. 2019Towards Debiasing Fact Verification Modelscited by 143
  12. 2018Transforming Question Answering Datasets Into Natural Language Inference Datasetscited by 99
6 more
  1. 2019Barack's Wife Hillary: Using Knowledge-Graphs for Fact-Aware Language Modelingcited by 71
  2. 2018UKP-Athene: Multi-Sentence Textual Entailment for Claim Verificationcited by 60
  3. 2022Generating Scientific Claims for Zero-Shot Scientific Fact Checkingcited by 59
  4. 2021Zero-shot Fact Verification by Claim Generationcited by 42
  5. 2022Logical Reasoning with Span-Level Predictions for Interpretable and Robust NLI Modelscited by 17
  6. 2023BEVERS: A General, Simple, and Performant Framework for Automatic Fact Verificationcited by 11

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 8.

8 papers.

  1. 2025NLI under the Microscope: What Atomic Hypothesis Decomposition Revealscited by 9
  2. 2025Toward Reliable Clinical Coding with Language Models: Verification and Lightweight Adaptationcited by 4
  3. 2025GraphCheck: Multipath Fact-Checking with Entity-Relationship Graphscited by 2
  4. 2025Fact-checking AI-generated news reports: Can LLMs catch their own lies?cited by 2
  5. 2025Hybrid Fact-Checking that Integrates Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Search-Based Retrieval Agents Improves Interpretable Claim Verificationcited by 2
  6. 2025SemViQA: A Semantic Question Answering System for Vietnamese Information Fact-Checkingcited by 0
  7. 2025EMERGE: A Benchmark for Updating Knowledge Graphs with Emerging Textual Knowledgecited by 0
  8. 2025Towards Improving Interpretability of Language Model Generation through a Structured Knowledge Discovery Approachcited by 0