The Good, The Bad, and Why: Unveiling Emotions in Generative AI
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Emotion significantly impacts our daily behaviors and interactions. While recent generative AI models, such as large language models, have shown impressive performance in various tasks, it remains unclear whether they truly comprehend emotions. This paper aims to address this gap by incorporating psychological theories to gain a holistic understanding of emotions in generative AI models. Specifically, we propose three approaches: 1) EmotionPrompt to enhance AI model performance, 2) EmotionAttack to impair AI model performance, and 3) EmotionDecode to explain the effects of emotional stimuli, both benign and malignant. Through extensive experiments involving language and multi-modal models on semantic understanding, logical reasoning, and generation tasks, we demonstrate that both textual and visual EmotionPrompt can boost the performance of AI models while EmotionAttack can hinder it. Additionally, EmotionDecode reveals that AI models can comprehend emotional stimuli akin to the mechanism of dopamine in the human brain. Our work heralds a novel avenue for exploring psychology to enhance our understanding of generative AI models.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2023.
Builds on
19 of 61 references.
References · 19
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
- 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
- 2022Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Themcited by 1,767
- 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,413
- 2022Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineerscited by 1,020
- 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
- 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
- 2023Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimulicited by 143
- 2023CValues: Measuring the Values of Chinese Large Language Models from Safety to Responsibilitycited by 80
7 more
- 2023EQ-Bench: An Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 75
- 2023Building Emotional Support Chatbots in the Era of LLMscited by 62
- 2023Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Modelscited by 58
- 2023Emotionally Numb or Empathetic? Evaluating How LLMs Feel Using EmotionBenchcited by 54
- 2023DialogueLLM: Context and Emotion Knowledge-Tuned Large Language Models for Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 29
- 2023An Appraisal-Based Chain-Of-Emotion Architecture for Affective Language Model Game Agentscited by 15
- 2023Rational Sensibility: LLM Enhanced Empathetic Response Generation Guided by Self-presentation Theorycited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
10 papers.
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platformscited by 26
- 2025Evaluating Vision-Language Models for Emotion Recognitioncited by 19
- 2024On Catastrophic Inheritance of Large Foundation Modelscited by 15
- 2024From Imitation to Introspection: Probing Self-Consciousness in Language Modelscited by 14
- 2026Valence-Arousal Subspace in LLMs: Circular Emotion Geometry and Multi-Behavioral Controlcited by 12
- 2024MentalArena: Self-play Training of Language Models for Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Health Disorderscited by 1
- 2025The Hunger Game Debate: On the Emergence of Over-Competition in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 1
- 2025Bridging the behavior-neural gap: A multimodal AI reveals the brain's geometry of emotion more accurately than human self-reportscited by 0
- 2026How Human is AI? Examining the Impact of Emotional Prompts on Artificial and Human and Responsivenesscited by 0
- 2026The Role of Emotional Stimuli and Intensity in Shaping Large Language Model Behaviorcited by 0
- 2026The Role of Emotional Stimuli and Intensity in Shaping Large Language Model Behavior7 Apr 2026
- 2026Valence-Arousal Subspace in LLMs: Circular Emotion Geometry and Multi-Behavioral Control3 Apr 2026
- 2026How Human is AI? Examining the Impact of Emotional Prompts on Artificial and Human and Responsiveness8 Jan 2026
- 2025The Hunger Game Debate: On the Emergence of Over-Competition in Multi-Agent Systems30 Sep 2025
- 2025Bridging the behavior-neural gap: A multimodal AI reveals the brain's geometry of emotion more accurately than human self-reports29 Sep 2025
- 2025Evaluating Vision-Language Models for Emotion Recognition8 Feb 2025
- 2024From Imitation to Introspection: Probing Self-Consciousness in Language Models24 Oct 2024
- 2024MentalArena: Self-play Training of Language Models for Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders9 Oct 2024
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platforms21 Feb 2024
- 2024On Catastrophic Inheritance of Large Foundation Models2 Feb 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Generating Fearful Images: Investigating Potential Emotional Biases in Image-Generation Models
- 2024Improved Emotional Alignment of AI and Humans: Human Ratings of Emotions Expressed by Stable Diffusion v1, DALL-E 2, and DALL-E 3
- 2025From Rational Answers to Emotional Resonance: The Role of Controllable Emotion Generation in Language Models
- 2024Can Generative Agents Predict Emotion?
- 2024Human-like Affective Cognition in Foundation Models
- 2025Artificial Intelligence Can Emulate Human Normative Judgments on Emotional Visual Scenes ↗
- 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology
- 2025MUSE: Manipulating Unified Framework for Synthesizing Emotions in Images via Test-Time Optimization