mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Good, The Bad, and Why: Unveiling Emotions in Generative AI

arXiv 2312.11111 ↗First posted 18 Dec 2023cs.AI cs.CL cs.HCcited by 10

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Abstract (arXiv)

Emotion significantly impacts our daily behaviors and interactions. While recent generative AI models, such as large language models, have shown impressive performance in various tasks, it remains unclear whether they truly comprehend emotions. This paper aims to address this gap by incorporating psychological theories to gain a holistic understanding of emotions in generative AI models. Specifically, we propose three approaches: 1) EmotionPrompt to enhance AI model performance, 2) EmotionAttack to impair AI model performance, and 3) EmotionDecode to explain the effects of emotional stimuli, both benign and malignant. Through extensive experiments involving language and multi-modal models on semantic understanding, logical reasoning, and generation tasks, we demonstrate that both textual and visual EmotionPrompt can boost the performance of AI models while EmotionAttack can hinder it. Additionally, EmotionDecode reveals that AI models can comprehend emotional stimuli akin to the mechanism of dopamine in the human brain. Our work heralds a novel avenue for exploring psychology to enhance our understanding of generative AI models.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Dec 2023.

Builds on

19 of 61 references.

References · 19

  1. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  2. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  3. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  4. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
  5. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  6. 2022Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Themcited by 1,767
  7. 2022Rethinking the Role of Demonstrations: What Makes In-Context Learning Work?cited by 1,413
  8. 2022Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineerscited by 1,020
  9. 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
  10. 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
  11. 2023Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimulicited by 143
  12. 2023CValues: Measuring the Values of Chinese Large Language Models from Safety to Responsibilitycited by 80
7 more
  1. 2023EQ-Bench: An Emotional Intelligence Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 75
  2. 2023Building Emotional Support Chatbots in the Era of LLMscited by 62
  3. 2023Emotional Intelligence of Large Language Modelscited by 58
  4. 2023Emotionally Numb or Empathetic? Evaluating How LLMs Feel Using EmotionBenchcited by 54
  5. 2023DialogueLLM: Context and Emotion Knowledge-Tuned Large Language Models for Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 29
  6. 2023An Appraisal-Based Chain-Of-Emotion Architecture for Affective Language Model Game Agentscited by 15
  7. 2023Rational Sensibility: LLM Enhanced Empathetic Response Generation Guided by Self-presentation Theorycited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

10 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Generating Fearful Images: Investigating Potential Emotional Biases in Image-Generation Models
  2. 2024Improved Emotional Alignment of AI and Humans: Human Ratings of Emotions Expressed by Stable Diffusion v1, DALL-E 2, and DALL-E 3
  3. 2025From Rational Answers to Emotional Resonance: The Role of Controllable Emotion Generation in Language Models
  4. 2024Can Generative Agents Predict Emotion?
  5. 2024Human-like Affective Cognition in Foundation Models
  6. 2025Artificial Intelligence Can Emulate Human Normative Judgments on Emotional Visual Scenes ↗
  7. 2024A Review of Human Emotion Synthesis Based on Generative Technology
  8. 2025MUSE: Manipulating Unified Framework for Synthesizing Emotions in Images via Test-Time Optimization