mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ThinkBot: Embodied Instruction Following with Thought Chain Reasoning

arXiv 2312.07062 ↗First posted 12 Dec 2023cs.CVcited by 19

On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Embodied Instruction Following (EIF) requires agents to complete human instruction by interacting objects in complicated surrounding environments. Conventional methods directly consider the sparse human instruction to generate action plans for agents, which usually fail to achieve human goals because of the instruction incoherence in action descriptions. On the contrary, we propose ThinkBot that reasons the thought chain in human instruction to recover the missing action descriptions, so that the agent can successfully complete human goals by following the coherent instruction. Specifically, we first design an instruction completer based on large language models to recover the missing actions with interacted objects between consecutive human instruction, where the perceived surrounding environments and the completed sub-goals are considered for instruction completion. Based on the partially observed scene semantic maps, we present an object localizer to infer the position of interacted objects for agents to achieve complex human goals. Extensive experiments in the simulated environment show that our ThinkBot outperforms the state-of-the-art EIF methods by a sizable margin in both success rate and execution efficiency.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 43 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Dec 2023.

Builds on

43 of 52 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023NavGPT: Explicit Reasoning in Vision-and-Language Navigation with Large Language Models26 May
  2. 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thought24 May
  3. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Models12 Jul

Other references · 40

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  5. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  6. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  7. 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,069
  8. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  9. 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,143
  10. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
  11. 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 850
  12. 2023Large Language Models as Optimizerscited by 830
28 more
  1. 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 773
  2. 2022ProgPrompt: Generating Situated Robot Task Plans using Large Language Modelscited by 598
  3. 2022InternImage: Exploring Large-Scale Vision Foundation Models with Deformable Convolutionscited by 479
  4. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Modelscited by 459
  5. 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agentscited by 396
  6. 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 288
  7. 2021Episodic Transformer for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 155
  8. 2017IQA: Visual Question Answering in Interactive Environmentscited by 154
  9. 2023ESC: Exploration with Soft Commonsense Constraints for Zero-shot Object Navigationcited by 126
  10. 2021FILM: Following Instructions in Language with Modular Methodscited by 119
  11. 2023L3MVN: Leveraging Large Language Models for Visual Target Navigationcited by 118
  12. 2023Discuss Before Moving: Visual Language Navigation via Multi-expert Discussionscited by 108
  13. 2021A Persistent Spatial Semantic Representation for High-level Natural Language Instruction Executioncited by 91
  14. 2022Cross-modal Map Learning for Vision and Language Navigationcited by 91
  15. 2022Weakly-Supervised Multi-Granularity Map Learning for Vision-and-Language Navigationcited by 86
  16. 2023Embodied Task Planning with Large Language Modelscited by 84
  17. 2017Mapping Instructions and Visual Observations to Actions with Reinforcement Learningcited by 80
  18. 2020Learning Object Relation Graph and Tentative Policy for Visual Navigationcited by 62
  19. 2021Embodied BERT: A Transformer Model for Embodied, Language-guided Visual Task Completioncited by 57
  20. 2021Hierarchical Task Learning from Language Instructions with Unified Transformers and Self-Monitoringcited by 53
  21. 2017Visual Semantic Planning using Deep Successor Representationscited by 45
  22. 2022Prompter: Utilizing Large Language Model Prompting for a Data Efficient Embodied Instruction Followingcited by 33
  23. 2023Context-Aware Planning and Environment-Aware Memory for Instruction Following Embodied Agentscited by 33
  24. 2020Factorizing Perception and Policy for Interactive Instruction Followingcited by 28
  25. 2022Neuro-Symbolic Procedural Planning with Commonsense Promptingcited by 28
  26. 2022One Step at a Time: Long-Horizon Vision-and-Language Navigation with Milestonescited by 26
  27. 2021Look Wide and Interpret Twice: Improving Performance on Interactive Instruction-following Taskscited by 25
  28. 2023Embodied Concept Learner: Self-supervised Learning of Concepts and Mapping through Instruction Followingcited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

19 papers.

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  1. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  2. 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AIcited by 274
  3. 2025VLA-RL: Towards Masterful and General Robotic Manipulation with Scalable Reinforcement Learningcited by 166
  4. 2024ManiGaussian: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting for Multi-task Robotic Manipulationcited by 106
  5. 2025UniVG-R1: Reasoning Guided Universal Visual Grounding with Reinforcement Learningcited by 83
  6. 2024Vision-and-Language Navigation Today and Tomorrow: A Survey in the Era of Foundation Modelscited by 79
  7. 2025World Modeling Makes a Better Planner: Dual Preference Optimization for Embodied Task Planningcited by 26
  8. 2024S-Agents: Self-organizing Agents in Open-ended Environmentscited by 22
  9. 2024Ponder & Press: Advancing Visual GUI Agent towards General Computer Controlcited by 19
  10. 2025GAF: Gaussian Action Field as a 4D Representation for Dynamic World Modeling in Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
  11. 2024Embodied Instruction Following in Unknown Environmentscited by 8
  12. 2024Socratic Planner: Self-QA-Based Zero-Shot Planning for Embodied Instruction Followingcited by 7
7 more
  1. 2025ReFineVLA: Reasoning-Aware Teacher-Guided Transfer Fine-Tuningcited by 5
  2. 2025Stepping Out of Similar Semantic Space for Open-Vocabulary Segmentationcited by 5
  3. 2024Astra: Efficient Transformer Architecture and Contrastive Dynamics Learning for Embodied Instruction Followingcited by 3
  4. 2026Think Twice, Act Once: Verifier-Guided Action Selection For Embodied Agentscited by 3
  5. 2026ESCAPE: Episodic Spatial Memory and Adaptive Execution Policy for Long-Horizon Mobile Manipulationcited by 1
  6. 2026Mini-BEHAVIOR-Gran: Revealing U-Shaped Effects of Instruction Granularity on Language-Guided Embodied Agentscited by 1
  7. 2026ReFineVLA: Multimodal Reasoning-Aware Generalist Robotic Policies via Teacher-Guided Fine-Tuningcited by 1

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Embodied-Reasoner: Synergizing Visual Search, Reasoning, and Action for Embodied Interactive Tasks
  2. 2026RoboFollow: Unveiling the Instruction Following Mirage in Embodied Agents
  3. 2024OPEx: A Component-Wise Analysis of LLM-Centric Agents in Embodied Instruction Following
  4. 2024Infer Human's Intentions Before Following Natural Language Instructions
  5. 2025Theory of Mind in Action: The Instruction Inference Task in Dynamic Human-Agent Collaboration
  6. 2026Thinker: A vision-language foundation model for embodied intelligence
  7. 2026Guide, Think, Act: Interactive Embodied Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models
  8. 2025Hierarchical Instruction-aware Embodied Visual Tracking