Separate-and-Enhance: Compositional Finetuning for Text2Image Diffusion Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite recent significant strides achieved by diffusion-based Text-to-Image (T2I) models, current systems are still less capable of ensuring decent compositional generation aligned with text prompts, particularly for the multi-object generation. This work illuminates the fundamental reasons for such misalignment, pinpointing issues related to low attention activation scores and mask overlaps. While previous research efforts have individually tackled these issues, we assert that a holistic approach is paramount. Thus, we propose two novel objectives, the Separate loss and the Enhance loss, that reduce object mask overlaps and maximize attention scores, respectively. Our method diverges from conventional test-time-adaptation techniques, focusing on finetuning critical parameters, which enhances scalability and generalizability. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of our model in terms of image realism, text-image alignment, and adaptability, notably outperforming prominent baselines. Ultimately, this research paves the way for T2I diffusion models with enhanced compositional capacities and broader applicability.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 42 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2023.
Builds on
42 of 51 references.
Closest ancestors · 18
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Dense Text-to-Image Generation with Attention Modulation24 Aug
- 2023Divide & Bind Your Attention for Improved Generative Semantic Nursing20 Jul
- 2023Divide, Evaluate, and Refine: Evaluating and Improving Text-to-Image Alignment with Iterative VQA Feedback10 Jul
- 2023A-STAR: Test-time Attention Segregation and Retention for Text-to-image Synthesis26 Jun
- 2023Linguistic Binding in Diffusion Models: Enhancing Attribute Correspondence through Attention Map Alignment15 Jun
- 2023Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis with Attention Map Control of Diffusion Models23 May
- 2023LayoutDiffusion: Controllable Diffusion Model for Layout-to-image Generation30 Mar
- 2023ReVersion: Diffusion-Based Relation Inversion from Images23 Mar
- 2023Directed Diffusion: Direct Control of Object Placement through Attention Guidance25 Feb
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
- 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
- 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis9 Dec
6 more
- 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
- 2022Compositional Visual Generation with Composable Diffusion Models3 Jun
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
Other references · 24
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,288
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
12 more
- 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
- 2022Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,295
- 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 774
- 2016Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesiscited by 735
- 2017AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 664
- 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 614
- 2016StackGAN: Text to Photo-realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 577
- 2019DM-GAN: Dynamic Memory Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 308
- 2023Diffusion Self-Guidance for Controllable Image Generationcited by 305
- 2022Improving Sample Quality of Diffusion Models Using Self-Attention Guidancecited by 154
- 2022Semantic Image Synthesis via Diffusion Modelscited by 132
- 2021Paint by Wordcited by 107
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
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- 2025Improving Compositional Generation with Diffusion Models Using Lift Scores19 May 2025
- 2025Towards Transformer-Based Aligned Generation with Self-Coherence Guidance22 Mar 2025
7 more
- 2025Object-level Visual Prompts for Compositional Image Generation2 Jan 2025
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- 2026PICS: Pairwise Image Compositing with Spatial Interactionscited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Cert-LAS: Toward Certified Model Ownership Verification for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Layer-Adaptive Smoothing28 May 2026
- 2026TeDiO: Temporal Diagonal Optimization for Training-Free Coherent Video Diffusion13 May 2026
- 2026Training-Free Object-Background Compositional T2I via Dynamic Spatial Guidance and Multi-Path Pruning10 Apr 2026
- 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Models30 Mar 2026
- 2026PICS: Pairwise Image Compositing with Spatial Interactions6 Mar 2026
- 2025Steer Away From Mode Collisions: Improving Composition In Diffusion Models30 Sep 2025
- 2025FlowMo: Variance-Based Flow Guidance for Coherent Motion in Video Generation1 Jun 2025
- 2025Be Decisive: Noise-Induced Layouts for Multi-Subject Generation27 May 2025
- 2025Improving Compositional Generation with Diffusion Models Using Lift Scores19 May 2025
- 2025Towards Transformer-Based Aligned Generation with Self-Coherence Guidance22 Mar 2025
- 2025Object-level Visual Prompts for Compositional Image Generation2 Jan 2025
- 2024Self-Cross Diffusion Guidance for Text-to-Image Synthesis of Similar Subjects28 Nov 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025YOLO-Count: Differentiable Object Counting for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 10
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- 2024Generative Photomontagecited by 3
- 2025AGSwap: Overcoming Category Boundaries in Object Fusion via Adaptive Group Swappingcited by 2
- 2025AGSwap: Overcoming Category Boundaries in Object Fusion via Adaptive Group Swapping23 Sep 2025
- 2025YOLO-Count: Differentiable Object Counting for Text-to-Image Generation1 Aug 2025
- 2024Diffusion-based Visual Anagram as Multi-task Learning3 Dec 2024
- 2024Generative Photomontage13 Aug 2024
- 2024Understanding Multi-Granularity for Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentation17 Jun 2024
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