mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Separate-and-Enhance: Compositional Finetuning for Text2Image Diffusion Models

arXiv 2312.06712 ↗First posted 10 Dec 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 19

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Despite recent significant strides achieved by diffusion-based Text-to-Image (T2I) models, current systems are still less capable of ensuring decent compositional generation aligned with text prompts, particularly for the multi-object generation. This work illuminates the fundamental reasons for such misalignment, pinpointing issues related to low attention activation scores and mask overlaps. While previous research efforts have individually tackled these issues, we assert that a holistic approach is paramount. Thus, we propose two novel objectives, the Separate loss and the Enhance loss, that reduce object mask overlaps and maximize attention scores, respectively. Our method diverges from conventional test-time-adaptation techniques, focusing on finetuning critical parameters, which enhances scalability and generalizability. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of our model in terms of image realism, text-image alignment, and adaptability, notably outperforming prominent baselines. Ultimately, this research paves the way for T2I diffusion models with enhanced compositional capacities and broader applicability.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 42 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2023.

Builds on

42 of 51 references.

Closest ancestors · 18

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Dense Text-to-Image Generation with Attention Modulation24 Aug
  2. 2023Divide & Bind Your Attention for Improved Generative Semantic Nursing20 Jul
  3. 2023Divide, Evaluate, and Refine: Evaluating and Improving Text-to-Image Alignment with Iterative VQA Feedback10 Jul
  4. 2023A-STAR: Test-time Attention Segregation and Retention for Text-to-image Synthesis26 Jun
  5. 2023Linguistic Binding in Diffusion Models: Enhancing Attribute Correspondence through Attention Map Alignment15 Jun
  6. 2023Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis with Attention Map Control of Diffusion Models23 May
  7. 2023LayoutDiffusion: Controllable Diffusion Model for Layout-to-image Generation30 Mar
  8. 2023ReVersion: Diffusion-Based Relation Inversion from Images23 Mar
  9. 2023Directed Diffusion: Direct Control of Object Placement through Attention Guidance25 Feb
  10. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
  11. 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
  12. 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis9 Dec
6 more
  1. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
  2. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
  3. 2022Compositional Visual Generation with Composable Diffusion Models3 Jun
  4. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  5. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  6. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec

Other references · 24

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  6. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  7. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  8. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  9. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  10. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,322
  11. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,288
  12. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,152
12 more
  1. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,431
  2. 2022Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,295
  3. 2021Vector Quantized Diffusion Model for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 774
  4. 2016Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesiscited by 735
  5. 2017AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 664
  6. 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 614
  7. 2016StackGAN: Text to Photo-realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 577
  8. 2019DM-GAN: Dynamic Memory Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 308
  9. 2023Diffusion Self-Guidance for Controllable Image Generationcited by 305
  10. 2022Improving Sample Quality of Diffusion Models Using Self-Attention Guidancecited by 154
  11. 2022Semantic Image Synthesis via Diffusion Modelscited by 132
  12. 2021Paint by Wordcited by 107

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

19 papers.

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  1. 2025FlowMo: Variance-Based Flow Guidance for Coherent Motion in Video Generationcited by 22
  2. 2024Self-Cross Diffusion Guidance for Text-to-Image Synthesis of Similar Subjectscited by 16
  3. 2025Object-level Visual Prompts for Compositional Image Generationcited by 14
  4. 2025Towards Transformer-Based Aligned Generation with Self-Coherence Guidancecited by 14
  5. 2024Enhancing MMDiT-Based Text-to-Image Models for Similar Subject Generationcited by 11
  6. 2025Be Decisive: Noise-Induced Layouts for Multi-Subject Generationcited by 10
  7. 2025YOLO-Count: Differentiable Object Counting for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 10
  8. 2026Stepwise Credit Assignment for GRPO on Flow-Matching Modelscited by 10
  9. 2024Diffusion-based Visual Anagram as Multi-task Learningcited by 6
  10. 2025Steer Away From Mode Collisions: Improving Composition In Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  11. 2024Understanding Multi-Granularity for Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentationcited by 3
  12. 2024Generative Photomontagecited by 3
7 more
  1. 2026Cert-LAS: Toward Certified Model Ownership Verification for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models via Layer-Adaptive Smoothingcited by 3
  2. 2024Scribble-Guided Diffusion for Training-free Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
  3. 2025AGSwap: Overcoming Category Boundaries in Object Fusion via Adaptive Group Swappingcited by 2
  4. 2025Improving Compositional Generation with Diffusion Models Using Lift Scorescited by 0
  5. 2026PICS: Pairwise Image Compositing with Spatial Interactionscited by 0
  6. 2026Training-Free Object-Background Compositional T2I via Dynamic Spatial Guidance and Multi-Path Pruningcited by 0
  7. 2026TeDiO: Temporal Diagonal Optimization for Training-Free Coherent Video Diffusioncited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023CONFORM: Contrast is All You Need For High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  2. 2023Prompt-Free Diffusion: Taking "Text" out of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  3. 2024All Seeds Are Not Equal: Enhancing Compositional Text-to-Image Generation with Reliable Random Seeds
  4. 2026Toward Early Quality Assessment of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  5. 2024Enhancing Semantic Fidelity in Text-to-Image Synthesis: Attention Regulation in Diffusion Models
  6. 2026TILT: Improving Compositional Generation in Diffusion Models with a Model-Intrinsic Reward
  7. 2024Image Regeneration: Evaluating Text-to-Image Model via Generating Identical Image with Multimodal Large Language Models
  8. 2026AI-T2I: Aggregating-and-Isolating Cross-Attention to Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Synthesis