mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Language-only Efficient Training of Zero-shot Composed Image Retrieval

arXiv 2312.01998 ↗First posted 4 Dec 2023cs.CV cs.IRcited by 27

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Abstract (arXiv)

Composed image retrieval (CIR) task takes a composed query of image and text, aiming to search relative images for both conditions. Conventional CIR approaches need a training dataset composed of triplets of query image, query text, and target image, which is very expensive to collect. Several recent works have worked on the zero-shot (ZS) CIR paradigm to tackle the issue without using pre-collected triplets. However, the existing ZS-CIR methods show limited backbone scalability and generalizability due to the lack of diversity of the input texts during training. We propose a novel CIR framework, only using language for its training. Our LinCIR (Language-only training for CIR) can be trained only with text datasets by a novel self-supervision named self-masking projection (SMP). We project the text latent embedding to the token embedding space and construct a new text by replacing the keyword tokens of the original text. Then, we let the new and original texts have the same latent embedding vector. With this simple strategy, LinCIR is surprisingly efficient and highly effective; LinCIR with CLIP ViT-G backbone is trained in 48 minutes and shows the best ZS-CIR performances on four different CIR benchmarks, CIRCO, GeneCIS, FashionIQ, and CIRR, even outperforming supervised method on FashionIQ. Code is available at https://github.com/navervision/lincir

Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2023.

Builds on

34 of 48 references.

References · 34

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
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  3. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  4. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
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22 more
  1. 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 561
  2. 2018A Corpus for Reasoning About Natural Language Grounded in Photographscited by 459
  3. 2020A Metric Learning Reality Checkcited by 321
  4. 2021Image Retrieval on Real-life Images with Pre-trained Vision-and-Language Modelscited by 251
  5. 2018Composing Text and Image for Image Retrieval - An Empirical Odysseycited by 236
  6. 2023Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval with Textual Inversioncited by 176
  7. 2023Pic2Word: Mapping Pictures to Words for Zero-shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 156
  8. 2021Learning to Predict Visual Attributes in the Wildcited by 96
  9. 2022Text-Only Training for Image Captioning using Noise-Injected CLIPcited by 91
  10. 2023CompoDiff: Versatile Composed Image Retrieval With Latent Diffusioncited by 85
  11. 2023DeCap: Decoding CLIP Latents for Zero-Shot Captioning via Text-Only Trainingcited by 84
  12. 2022ARTEMIS: Attention-based Retrieval with Text-Explicit Matching and Implicit Similaritycited by 83
  13. 2020Modality-Agnostic Attention Fusion for visual search with text feedbackcited by 51
  14. 2023GeneCIS: A Benchmark for General Conditional Image Similaritycited by 47
  15. 2022Composed Image Retrieval with Text Feedback via Multi-grained Uncertainty Regularizationcited by 45
  16. 2023Improved Probabilistic Image-Text Representationscited by 40
  17. 2022ECCV Caption: Correcting False Negatives by Collecting Machine-and-Human-verified Image-Caption Associations for MS-COCOcited by 37
  18. 2021RTIC: Residual Learning for Text and Image Composition using Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 27
  19. 2022I Can't Believe There's No Images! Learning Visual Tasks Using only Language Supervisioncited by 26
  20. 2020SAC: Semantic Attention Composition for Text-Conditioned Image Retrievalcited by 23
  21. 2020CurlingNet: Compositional Learning between Images and Text for Fashion IQ Datacited by 21
  22. 2022Image Search with Text Feedback by Additive Attention Compositional Learningcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 9; 2026: 9.

27 papers.

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  1. 2024Spherical Linear Interpolation and Text-Anchoring for Zero-shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 44
  2. 2024Reason-before-Retrieve: One-Stage Reflective Chain-of-Thoughts for Training-Free Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 32
  3. 2024iSEARLE: Improving Textual Inversion for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 24
  4. 2024EgoCVR: An Egocentric Benchmark for Fine-Grained Composed Video Retrievalcited by 21
  5. 2025Missing Target-Relevant Information Prediction with World Model for Accurate Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 18
  6. 2025Multimodal Reasoning Agent for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 8
  7. 2024Towards Cross-modal Backward-compatible Representation Learning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
  8. 2024A Survey of Multimodal Composite Editing and Retrievalcited by 5
  9. 2025MLLM-Guided VLM Fine-Tuning with Joint Inference for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 5
  10. 2024Composed Image Retrieval for Training-Free Domain Conversioncited by 4
  11. 2025Multiplicity is an Inevitable and Inherent Challenge in Multimodal Learningcited by 4
  12. 2024Denoise-I2W: Mapping Images to Denoising Words for Accurate Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 3
15 more
  1. 2025FuseLIP: Multimodal Embeddings via Early Fusion of Discrete Tokenscited by 3
  2. 2024An Efficient Post-hoc Framework for Reducing Task Discrepancy of Text Encoders for Composed Image Retrievalcited by 2
  3. 2026G-MIXER: Geodesic Mixup-based Implicit Semantic Expansion and Explicit Semantic Re-ranking for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 2
  4. 2026UniCVR: From Alignment to Reranking for Unified Zero-Shot Composed Visual Retrievalcited by 2
  5. 2026STiTch: Semantic Transition and Transportation in Collaboration for Training-Free Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 2
  6. 2025SETR: A Two-Stage Semantic-Enhanced Framework for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 1
  7. 2025SQUARE: Semantic Query-Augmented Fusion and Efficient Batch Reranking for Training-free Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 1
  8. 2025Text-Only Training for Image Captioning with Retrieval Augmentation and Modality Gap Correctioncited by 1
  9. 2026PREGEN: Uncovering Latent Thoughts in Composed Video Retrievalcited by 1
  10. 2026Few Shots Text to Image Retrieval: New Benchmarking Dataset and Optimization Methodscited by 1
  11. 2026Never Seen Before: Benchmarking Genuine Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval with Consistent Video-Sourced Datasetscited by 1
  12. 2025Generative Editing in the Joint Vision-Language Space for Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 0
  13. 2026A Sanity Check on Composed Image Retrievalcited by 0
  14. 2026CR-Refiner: An Object-Centric Optimal Transport Reranker for Edit-Conditioned 3D Scene Retrievalcited by 0
  15. 2026Training-Free Pseudo-Fusion for Composed Image Retrieval with Diffusion Models and Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0