NeuroPrompts: An Adaptive Framework to Optimize Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Despite impressive recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, obtaining high-quality images often requires prompt engineering by humans who have developed expertise in using them. In this work, we present NeuroPrompts, an adaptive framework that automatically enhances a user's prompt to improve the quality of generations produced by text-to-image models. Our framework utilizes constrained text decoding with a pre-trained language model that has been adapted to generate prompts similar to those produced by human prompt engineers. This approach enables higher-quality text-to-image generations and provides user control over stylistic features via constraint set specification. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by creating an interactive application for prompt enhancement and image generation using Stable Diffusion. Additionally, we conduct experiments utilizing a large dataset of human-engineered prompts for text-to-image generation and show that our approach automatically produces enhanced prompts that result in superior image quality. We make our code and a screencast video demo of NeuroPrompts publicly available.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 21 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2023.
Builds on
21 of 25 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2022DiffusionDB: A Large-scale Prompt Gallery Dataset for Text-to-Image Generative Models26 Oct
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
Other references · 17
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
- 2021What Makes Good In-Context Examples for GPT-3?cited by 1,184
- 2021Learning How to Ask: Querying LMs with Mixtures of Soft Promptscited by 376
- 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 225
- 2021Design Guidelines for Prompt Engineering Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 216
5 more
- 2021NeuroLogic A*esque Decoding: Constrained Text Generation with Lookahead Heuristicscited by 153
- 2020NeuroLogic Decoding: (Un)supervised Neural Text Generation with Predicate Logic Constraintscited by 146
- 2022NeuroCounterfactuals: Beyond Minimal-Edit Counterfactuals for Richer Data Augmentationcited by 23
- 2022I2D2: Inductive Knowledge Distillation with NeuroLogic and Self-Imitationcited by 21
- 2023NeuroComparatives: Neuro-Symbolic Distillation of Comparative Knowledgecited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
10 papers.
- 2025Enhancing Intent Understanding for Ambiguous prompt: A Human-Machine Co-Adaption Strategycited by 16
- 2026PromptRL: Prompt Matters in RL for Flow-Based Image Generationcited by 11
- 2025VisualPrompter: Semantic-Aware Prompt Optimization with Visual Feedback for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 6
- 2026A Systematic Post-Train Framework for Video Generationcited by 5
- 2025p-less Sampling: A Robust Hyperparameter-Free Approach for LLM Decodingcited by 4
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Modelscited by 3
- 2026One Rewrite to Fix Them All? Type-Aware Repair Allocation for Text-to-Image Prompt Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnessescited by 0
- 2026DOGS: Design-Space Sampling for Prompt-Driven Logo Generationcited by 0
- 2026DOGS: Design-Space Sampling for Prompt-Driven Logo Generation7 Oct 2026
- 2026EvoGen-Harness: Learning Where and How to Evolve Image-Generation Harnesses30 Sep 2026
- 2026One Rewrite to Fix Them All? Type-Aware Repair Allocation for Text-to-Image Prompt Optimization21 Jul 2026
- 2026A Systematic Post-Train Framework for Video Generation28 Apr 2026
- 2026PromptRL: Prompt Matters in RL for Flow-Based Image Generation1 Feb 2026
- 2025p-less Sampling: A Robust Hyperparameter-Free Approach for LLM Decoding27 Sep 2025
- 2025AdaptaGen: Domain-Specific Image Generation through Hierarchical Semantic Optimization Framework8 Jul 2025
- 2025VisualPrompter: Semantic-Aware Prompt Optimization with Visual Feedback for Text-to-Image Synthesis29 Jun 2025
- 2025Enhancing Intent Understanding for Ambiguous prompt: A Human-Machine Co-Adaption Strategy25 Jan 2025
- 2024From Noise to Nuance: Advances in Deep Generative Image Models12 Dec 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2022Optimizing Prompts for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2024Batch-Instructed Gradient for Prompt Evolution:Systematic Prompt Optimization for Enhanced Text-to-Image Synthesis
- 2025PromptEnhancer: A Simple Approach to Enhance Text-to-Image Models via Chain-of-Thought Prompt Rewriting
- 2024PromptCharm: Text-to-Image Generation through Multi-modal Prompting and Refinement
- 2024Words Worth a Thousand Pictures: Measuring and Understanding Perceptual Variability in Text-to-Image Generation
- 2023Manipulating Embeddings of Stable Diffusion Prompts
- 2024Dynamic Prompt Optimizing for Text-to-Image Generation
- 2025Reward-Agnostic Prompt Optimization for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models