mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

JAB: Joint Adversarial Prompting and Belief Augmentation

arXiv 2311.09473 ↗First posted 16 Nov 2023cs.AI cs.CLcited by 5

On the map: LLM safety and security → Prompt injection and agent security

Abstract (arXiv)

With the recent surge of language models in different applications, attention to safety and robustness of these models has gained significant importance. Here we introduce a joint framework in which we simultaneously probe and improve the robustness of a black-box target model via adversarial prompting and belief augmentation using iterative feedback loops. This framework utilizes an automated red teaming approach to probe the target model, along with a belief augmenter to generate instructions for the target model to improve its robustness to those adversarial probes. Importantly, the adversarial model and the belief generator leverage the feedback from past interactions to improve the effectiveness of the adversarial prompts and beliefs, respectively. In our experiments, we demonstrate that such a framework can reduce toxic content generation both in dynamic cases where an adversary directly interacts with a target model and static cases where we use a static benchmark dataset to evaluate our model.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompt injection and agent security, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 17 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Nov 2023.

Builds on

17 of 20 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learned23 Aug
  2. 2022Red Teaming Language Models with Language Models7 Feb

Other references · 15

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,912
  3. 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 3,050
  4. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
  5. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  6. 2020RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Modelscited by 1,255
  7. 2020StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language modelscited by 924
  8. 2019The Woman Worked as a Babysitter: On Biases in Language Generationcited by 541
  9. 2021BOLD: Dataset and Metrics for Measuring Biases in Open-Ended Language Generationcited by 412
  10. 2019Bias in Bios: A Case Study of Semantic Representation Bias in a High-Stakes Settingcited by 349
  11. 2021Societal Biases in Language Generation: Progress and Challengescited by 202
  12. 2023FLIRT: Feedback Loop In-context Red Teamingcited by 83
3 more
  1. 2023Using In-Context Learning to Improve Dialogue Safetycited by 42
  2. 2021Analyzing Dynamic Adversarial Training Data in the Limitcited by 24
  3. 2022Robust Conversational Agents against Imperceptible Toxicity Triggerscited by 23

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026AdversaBench: Automated LLM Red-Teaming with Multi-Judge Confirmation and Cross-Model Transferability
  2. 2025Learning-Based Automated Adversarial Red-Teaming for Robustness Evaluation of Large Language Models
  3. 2024AdvPrompter: Fast Adaptive Adversarial Prompting for LLMs
  4. 2025Robustness of Prompting: Enhancing Robustness of Large Language Models Against Prompting Attacks
  5. 2025OET: Optimization-based prompt injection Evaluation Toolkit
  6. 2024Latent Adversarial Training Improves Robustness to Persistent Harmful Behaviors in LLMs
  7. 2023ASSERT: Automated Safety Scenario Red Teaming for Evaluating the Robustness of Large Language Models
  8. 2025Jailbreak-Zero: A Path to Pareto Optimal Red Teaming for Large Language Models