mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Program Translation via Code Distillation

arXiv 2310.11476 ↗First posted 17 Oct 2023cs.SE cs.LGcited by 10

On the map: Mechanistic interpretability → Knowledge and representations inside LLMs

Abstract (arXiv)

Software version migration and program translation are an important and costly part of the lifecycle of large codebases. Traditional machine translation relies on parallel corpora for supervised translation, which is not feasible for program translation due to a dearth of aligned data. Recent unsupervised neural machine translation techniques have overcome data limitations by included techniques such as back translation and low level compiler intermediate representations (IR). These methods face significant challenges due to the noise in code snippet alignment and the diversity of IRs respectively. In this paper we propose a novel model called Code Distillation (CoDist) whereby we capture the semantic and structural equivalence of code in a language agnostic intermediate representation. Distilled code serves as a translation pivot for any programming language, leading by construction to parallel corpora which scale to all available source code by simply applying the distillation compiler. We demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on CodeXGLUE and TransCoder GeeksForGeeks translation benchmarks, with an average absolute increase of 12.7% on the TransCoder GeeksforGeeks translation benchmark compare to TransCoder-ST.

Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Knowledge and representations inside LLMs, one of 13 directions in Mechanistic interpretability. Builds on 17 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Oct 2023.

Builds on

17 of 24 references.

References · 17

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,893
  4. 2020CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural Languagescited by 1,310
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  6. 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 744
  7. 2020GraphCodeBERT: Pre-training Code Representations with Data Flowcited by 609
  8. 2020CodeBLEU: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Code Synthesiscited by 479
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  10. 2022UniXcoder: Unified Cross-Modal Pre-training for Code Representationcited by 361
  11. 2020Unsupervised Translation of Programming Languagescited by 263
  12. 2021CodeNet: A Large-Scale AI for Code Dataset for Learning a Diversity of Coding Taskscited by 200
5 more
  1. 2017Unsupervised Neural Machine Translationcited by 149
  2. 2021Leveraging Automated Unit Tests for Unsupervised Code Translationcited by 82
  3. 2021DOBF: A Deobfuscation Pre-Training Objective for Programming Languagescited by 68
  4. 2022XLCoST: A Benchmark Dataset for Cross-lingual Code Intelligencecited by 56
  5. 2022StructCoder: Structure-Aware Transformer for Code Generationcited by 34

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

10 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Neural Code Translation of Legacy Code: APL to C# ↗
  2. 2024InterTrans: Leveraging Transitive Intermediate Translations to Enhance LLM-based Code Translation
  3. 2025ACT: Bridging the Gap in Code Translation through Synthetic Data Generation & Adaptive Training
  4. 2025QiMeng-MuPa: Mutual-Supervised Learning for Sequential-to-Parallel Code Translation
  5. 2024TransAgent: Enhancing LLM-Based Code Translation via Fine-Grained Execution Alignment
  6. 2026CodePivot: Bootstrapping Multilingual Transpilation in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning without Parallel Corpora
  7. 2025Automated Snippet-Alignment Data Augmentation for Code Translation
  8. 2026Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFT