ASAP: Automated Sequence Planning for Complex Robotic Assembly with Physical Feasibility
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Abstract (arXiv)
The automated assembly of complex products requires a system that can automatically plan a physically feasible sequence of actions for assembling many parts together. In this paper, we present ASAP, a physics-based planning approach for automatically generating such a sequence for general-shaped assemblies. ASAP accounts for gravity to design a sequence where each sub-assembly is physically stable with a limited number of parts being held and a support surface. We apply efficient tree search algorithms to reduce the combinatorial complexity of determining such an assembly sequence. The search can be guided by either geometric heuristics or graph neural networks trained on data with simulation labels. Finally, we show the superior performance of ASAP at generating physically realistic assembly sequence plans on a large dataset of hundreds of complex product assemblies. We further demonstrate the applicability of ASAP on both simulation and real-world robotic setups. Project website: asap.csail.mit.edu
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2023.
Builds on
13 of 39 references.
References · 13
- 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
- 2021How Attentive are Graph Attention Networks?cited by 818
- 2021JoinABLe: Learning Bottom-up Assembly of Parametric CAD Jointscited by 77
- 2021An End-to-End Differentiable Framework for Contact-Aware Robot Designcited by 53
- 2019Form2Fit: Learning Shape Priors for Generalizable Assembly from Disassemblycited by 51
- 2020Learning 3D Part Assembly from a Single Imagecited by 51
- 2022Factory: Fast Contact for Robotic Assemblycited by 49
- 2021RoboAssembly: Learning Generalizable Furniture Assembly Policy in a Novel Multi-robot Contact-rich Simulation Environmentcited by 13
- 2019Quickly Inserting Pegs into Uncertain Holes using Multi-view Images and Deep Network Trained on Synthetic Datacited by 6
- 2020A Learning Approach to Robot-Agnostic Force-Guided High Precision Assemblycited by 6
- 2022Graph-based Reinforcement Learning meets Mixed Integer Programs: An application to 3D robot assembly discoverycited by 5
- 2021Robotic additive construction of bar structures: Unified sequence and motion planningcited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 8.
17 papers.
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- 2024From Imitation to Refinement -- Residual RL for Precise Assemblycited by 80
- 2024JUICER: Data-Efficient Imitation Learning for Robotic Assemblycited by 36
- 2025PhysVLM: Enabling Visual Language Models to Understand Robotic Physical Reachabilitycited by 17
- 2024Blox-Net: Generative Design-for-Robot-Assembly Using VLM Supervision, Physics Simulation, and a Robot with Resetcited by 14
- 2025Manual2Skill: Learning to Read Manuals and Acquire Robotic Skills for Furniture Assembly Using Vision-Language Modelscited by 13
- 2024SPAFormer: Sequential 3D Part Assembly with Transformerscited by 11
- 2025Manual2Skill++: Connector-Aware General Robotic Assembly from Instruction Manuals via Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
- 2024Speech to Reality: On-Demand Production using Natural Language, 3D Generative AI, and Discrete Robotic Assemblycited by 4
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulationcited by 3
- 2026AssemblyBench: Physics-Aware Assembly of Complex Industrial Objectscited by 2
- 2025Query-Centric Diffusion Policy for Generalizable Robotic Assemblycited by 0
- 2026Optimal Knock-Pick Planning for Tightly Packed Tabletop Blocks With Parallel Gripperscited by 0
5 more
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cyclecited by 0
- 2026Terminal Symmetry as a Carrier of Asymmetric Process Knowledge: Statewise Refinement for Anytime Verified Constructioncited by 0
- 2026PVRA: A Pointwise Key-point Voting Framework for Robotic Assemblycited by 0
- 2026SNAP3D: Physically Grounded 3D Parts for Assembly from a Single Imagecited by 0
- 2026ScaffoldM3C: A Multimodal Sequential Monte Carlo Framework for Generative Stable Construction Planningcited by 0
- 2026ScaffoldM3C: A Multimodal Sequential Monte Carlo Framework for Generative Stable Construction Planning30 Sep 2026
- 2026SNAP3D: Physically Grounded 3D Parts for Assembly from a Single Image11 Sep 2026
- 2026PVRA: A Pointwise Key-point Voting Framework for Robotic Assembly20 Aug 2026
- 2026Terminal Symmetry as a Carrier of Asymmetric Process Knowledge: Statewise Refinement for Anytime Verified Construction11 Aug 2026
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulation10 Aug 2026
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cycle6 Jul 2026
- 2026Optimal Knock-Pick Planning for Tightly Packed Tabletop Blocks With Parallel Grippers18 May 2026
- 2026AssemblyBench: Physics-Aware Assembly of Complex Industrial Objects13 May 2026
- 2025Manual2Skill++: Connector-Aware General Robotic Assembly from Instruction Manuals via Vision-Language Models18 Oct 2025
- 2025Query-Centric Diffusion Policy for Generalizable Robotic Assembly23 Sep 2025
- 2025PhysVLM: Enabling Visual Language Models to Understand Robotic Physical Reachability11 Mar 2025
- 2025Manual2Skill: Learning to Read Manuals and Acquire Robotic Skills for Furniture Assembly Using Vision-Language Models14 Feb 2025
5 more
- 2024Speech to Reality: On-Demand Production using Natural Language, 3D Generative AI, and Discrete Robotic Assembly27 Sep 2024
- 2024Blox-Net: Generative Design-for-Robot-Assembly Using VLM Supervision, Physics Simulation, and a Robot with Reset25 Sep 2024
- 2024From Imitation to Refinement -- Residual RL for Precise Assembly23 Jul 2024
- 2024JUICER: Data-Efficient Imitation Learning for Robotic Assembly4 Apr 2024
- 2024SPAFormer: Sequential 3D Part Assembly with Transformers9 Mar 2024
- 2024From Imitation to Refinement -- Residual RL for Precise Assemblycited by 80
- 2024Blox-Net: Generative Design-for-Robot-Assembly Using VLM Supervision, Physics Simulation, and a Robot with Resetcited by 14
- 2025Manual2Skill: Learning to Read Manuals and Acquire Robotic Skills for Furniture Assembly Using Vision-Language Modelscited by 13
- 2024SPAFormer: Sequential 3D Part Assembly with Transformerscited by 11
- 2025Manual2Skill++: Connector-Aware General Robotic Assembly from Instruction Manuals via Vision-Language Modelscited by 5
- 2024Speech to Reality: On-Demand Production using Natural Language, 3D Generative AI, and Discrete Robotic Assemblycited by 4
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulationcited by 3
- 2026AssemblyBench: Physics-Aware Assembly of Complex Industrial Objectscited by 2
- 2026Optimal Knock-Pick Planning for Tightly Packed Tabletop Blocks With Parallel Gripperscited by 0
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cyclecited by 0
- 2026Terminal Symmetry as a Carrier of Asymmetric Process Knowledge: Statewise Refinement for Anytime Verified Constructioncited by 0
- 2026PVRA: A Pointwise Key-point Voting Framework for Robotic Assemblycited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026ScaffoldM3C: A Multimodal Sequential Monte Carlo Framework for Generative Stable Construction Planning30 Sep 2026
- 2026SNAP3D: Physically Grounded 3D Parts for Assembly from a Single Image11 Sep 2026
- 2026PVRA: A Pointwise Key-point Voting Framework for Robotic Assembly20 Aug 2026
- 2026Terminal Symmetry as a Carrier of Asymmetric Process Knowledge: Statewise Refinement for Anytime Verified Construction11 Aug 2026
- 2026CADEngBench: It Looks Like CAD, but Does It Work? Evaluating Parametric Design, Assembly Reasoning, and Physics Simulation10 Aug 2026
- 2026Three-Phase Evaluation of AI-Assisted Software Development Life Cycle6 Jul 2026
- 2026Optimal Knock-Pick Planning for Tightly Packed Tabletop Blocks With Parallel Grippers18 May 2026
- 2026AssemblyBench: Physics-Aware Assembly of Complex Industrial Objects13 May 2026
- 2025Manual2Skill++: Connector-Aware General Robotic Assembly from Instruction Manuals via Vision-Language Models18 Oct 2025
- 2025Manual2Skill: Learning to Read Manuals and Acquire Robotic Skills for Furniture Assembly Using Vision-Language Models14 Feb 2025
- 2024Speech to Reality: On-Demand Production using Natural Language, 3D Generative AI, and Discrete Robotic Assembly27 Sep 2024
- 2024Blox-Net: Generative Design-for-Robot-Assembly Using VLM Supervision, Physics Simulation, and a Robot with Reset25 Sep 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)