mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multimodal Analysis Of Google Bard And GPT-Vision: Experiments In Visual Reasoning

arXiv 2309.16705 ↗First posted 17 Aug 2023cs.CV cs.CL cs.LGcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning

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Abstract (arXiv)

Addressing the gap in understanding visual comprehension in Large Language Models (LLMs), we designed a challenge-response study, subjecting Google Bard and GPT-Vision to 64 visual tasks, spanning categories like "Visual Situational Reasoning" and "Next Scene Prediction." Previous models, such as GPT4, leaned heavily on optical character recognition tools like Tesseract, whereas Bard and GPT-Vision, akin to Google Lens and Visual API, employ deep learning techniques for visual text recognition. However, our findings spotlight both vision-language model's limitations: while proficient in solving visual CAPTCHAs that stump ChatGPT alone, it falters in recreating visual elements like ASCII art or analyzing Tic Tac Toe grids, suggesting an over-reliance on educated visual guesses. The prediction problem based on visual inputs appears particularly challenging with no common-sense guesses for next-scene forecasting based on current "next-token" multimodal models. This study provides experimental insights into the current capacities and areas for improvement in multimodal LLMs.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 11 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2023.

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11 of 17 references.

References · 11

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  4. 2022LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applicationscited by 1,218
  5. 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,154
  6. 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 888
  7. 2023A Categorical Archive of ChatGPT Failurescited by 167
  8. 2021Reading Isn't Believing: Adversarial Attacks On Multi-Modal Neuronscited by 29
  9. 2020SD-RSIC: Summarization Driven Deep Remote Sensing Image Captioningcited by 19
  10. 2023How Good is Google Bard's Visual Understanding? An Empirical Study on Open Challengescited by 9
  11. 2023The Multimodal And Modular Ai Chef: Complex Recipe Generation From Imagerycited by 5

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  1. 2025Diagnosing Visual Reasoning: Challenges, Insights, and a Path Forward
  2. 2024Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMs
  3. 2024VisionGPT: Vision-Language Understanding Agent Using Generalized Multimodal Framework
  4. 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)
  5. 2025Revisiting Visual Understanding in Multimodal Reasoning through a Lens of Image Perturbation
  6. 2024ConTextual: Evaluating Context-Sensitive Text-Rich Visual Reasoning in Large Multimodal Models
  7. 2025VisualQuest: A Benchmark for Abstract Visual Reasoning in MLLMs
  8. 2024VisionGPT-3D: A Generalized Multimodal Agent for Enhanced 3D Vision Understanding