Question-Answering Approach to Evaluating Legal Summaries
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Abstract (arXiv)
Traditional evaluation metrics like ROUGE compare lexical overlap between the reference and generated summaries without taking argumentative structure into account, which is important for legal summaries. In this paper, we propose a novel legal summarization evaluation framework that utilizes GPT-4 to generate a set of question-answer pairs that cover main points and information in the reference summary. GPT-4 is then used to generate answers based on the generated summary for the questions from the reference summary. Finally, GPT-4 grades the answers from the reference summary and the generated summary. We examined the correlation between GPT-4 grading with human grading. The results suggest that this question-answering approach with GPT-4 can be a useful tool for gauging the quality of the summary.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2023.
Builds on
12 of 14 references.
References · 12
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- 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
- 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
- 2023Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Studycited by 420
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- 2020FEQA: A Question Answering Evaluation Framework for Faithfulness Assessment in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 292
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- 2021TopiOCQA: Open-domain Conversational Question Answering with Topic Switchingcited by 95
- 2019Answers Unite! Unsupervised Metrics for Reinforced Summarization Modelscited by 92
- 2019Question Answering as an Automatic Evaluation Metric for News Article Summarizationcited by 63
- 2022Multi-granularity Argument Mining in Legal Textscited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Legal Summarization: Challenges and Future Directionscited by 6
- 2025Summarisation of German Judgments in conjunction with a Class-based Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025Na Pr'atica, qual IA Entende o Direito? Um Estudo Experimental com IAs Generalistas e uma IA Jur'idicacited by 0
- 2026Supporting Humans in Evaluating AI Summaries of Legal Depositionscited by 0
- 2026From Judgments to Issues: Structured Extraction of Legal Reasoning with Citation-Hallucination Controlcited by 0
- 2026From Judgments to Issues: Structured Extraction of Legal Reasoning with Citation-Hallucination Control3 Jul 2026
- 2026Supporting Humans in Evaluating AI Summaries of Legal Depositions21 Jan 2026
- 2025Na Pr'atica, qual IA Entende o Direito? Um Estudo Experimental com IAs Generalistas e uma IA Jur'idica20 Oct 2025
- 2025Summarisation of German Judgments in conjunction with a Class-based Evaluation9 May 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Legal Summarization: Challenges and Future Directions29 Jan 2025