MEFLUT: Unsupervised 1D Lookup Tables for Multi-exposure Image Fusion
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we introduce a new approach for high-quality multi-exposure image fusion (MEF). We show that the fusion weights of an exposure can be encoded into a 1D lookup table (LUT), which takes pixel intensity value as input and produces fusion weight as output. We learn one 1D LUT for each exposure, then all the pixels from different exposures can query 1D LUT of that exposure independently for high-quality and efficient fusion. Specifically, to learn these 1D LUTs, we involve attention mechanism in various dimensions including frame, channel and spatial ones into the MEF task so as to bring us significant quality improvement over the state-of-the-art (SOTA). In addition, we collect a new MEF dataset consisting of 960 samples, 155 of which are manually tuned by professionals as ground-truth for evaluation. Our network is trained by this dataset in an unsupervised manner. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of all the newly proposed components, and results show that our approach outperforms the SOTA in our and another representative dataset SICE, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, our 1D LUT approach takes less than 4ms to run a 4K image on a PC GPU. Given its high quality, efficiency and robustness, our method has been shipped into millions of Android mobiles across multiple brands world-wide. Code is available at: https://github.com/Hedlen/MEFLUT.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Sep 2023.
Builds on
14 of 59 references.
References · 14
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,639
- 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
- 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,241
- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,659
- 2018CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Modulecited by 2,477
- 2017Deep Bilateral Learning for Real-Time Image Enhancementcited by 200
- 2020Learning Image-adaptive 3D Lookup Tables for High Performance Photo Enhancement in Real-timecited by 163
- 2019Attention-guided Network for Ghost-free High Dynamic Range Imagingcited by 117
- 2017DeepFuse: A Deep Unsupervised Approach for Exposure Fusion with Extreme Exposure Image Pairscited by 78
- 2021Real-time Image Enhancer via Learnable Spatial-aware 3D Lookup Tablescited by 65
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 6.
22 papers.
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- 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustmentcited by 27
- 2025UltraFusion: Ultra High Dynamic Imaging using Exposure Fusioncited by 21
- 2023ReFusion: Learning Image Fusion from Reconstruction with Learnable Loss via Meta-Learningcited by 15
- 2025LUT-Fuse: Towards Extremely Fast Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Distillation to Learnable Look-Up Tablescited by 9
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesiscited by 8
- 2024Fusion from Decomposition: A Self-Supervised Approach for Image Fusion and Beyondcited by 4
- 2025Discovering an Image-Adaptive Coordinate System for Photography Processingcited by 4
- 2025Retinex-MEF: Retinex-based Glare Effects Aware Unsupervised Multi-Exposure Image Fusioncited by 3
- 2023A Dual Domain Multi-exposure Image Fusion Network based on the Spatial-Frequency Integrationcited by 2
- 2024Efficient Single Image Super-Resolution with Entropy Attention and Receptive Field Augmentationcited by 2
- 2024WB LUTs: Contrastive Learning for White Balancing Lookup Tablescited by 1
- 2024MobileMEF: Fast and Efficient Method for Multi-Exposure Fusioncited by 1
10 more
- 2023Redistributing the Precision and Content in 3D-LUT-based Inverse Tone-mapping for HDR/WCG Displaycited by 0
- 2023Advancements and Trends in Ultra-High-Resolution Image Processing: An Overviewcited by 0
- 2024Unsupervised Learning Based Multi-Scale Exposure Fusioncited by 0
- 2025UNICE: Training A Universal Image Contrast Enhancercited by 0
- 2025LoopExpose: An Unsupervised Framework for Arbitrary-Length Exposure Correctioncited by 0
- 2026Synergistic Event-SVE Imaging for Quantitative Propellant Combustion Diagnosticscited by 0
- 2026Single-Shot HDR Recovery via a Video Diffusion Priorcited by 0
- 2026ExpoMotion: A Large-Scale Benchmark and A Householder Projection Network for Multi-Exposure Fusioncited by 0
- 2026Coarse-to-fine Framework for Generative MEF via Implicit Neural Representationcited by 0
- 2026Dual-Output Multi-Exposure HDR Reconstruction via SDR Fusion and Gain Map Inverse Tone Mappingcited by 0
- 2026Dual-Output Multi-Exposure HDR Reconstruction via SDR Fusion and Gain Map Inverse Tone Mapping6 Aug 2026
- 2026Coarse-to-fine Framework for Generative MEF via Implicit Neural Representation20 Jul 2026
- 2026ExpoMotion: A Large-Scale Benchmark and A Householder Projection Network for Multi-Exposure Fusion3 Jul 2026
- 2026Single-Shot HDR Recovery via a Video Diffusion Prior12 May 2026
- 2026Synergistic Event-SVE Imaging for Quantitative Propellant Combustion Diagnostics26 Mar 2026
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesis20 Feb 2026
- 2025LoopExpose: An Unsupervised Framework for Arbitrary-Length Exposure Correction8 Nov 2025
- 2025LUT-Fuse: Towards Extremely Fast Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Distillation to Learnable Look-Up Tables30 Aug 2025
- 2025UNICE: Training A Universal Image Contrast Enhancer23 Jul 2025
- 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment2 Apr 2025
- 2025Retinex-MEF: Retinex-based Glare Effects Aware Unsupervised Multi-Exposure Image Fusion10 Mar 2025
- 2025UltraFusion: Ultra High Dynamic Imaging using Exposure Fusion20 Jan 2025
10 more
- 2025Discovering an Image-Adaptive Coordinate System for Photography Processing11 Jan 2025
- 2024Fusion from Decomposition: A Self-Supervised Approach for Image Fusion and Beyond16 Oct 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Learning Based Multi-Scale Exposure Fusion26 Sep 2024
- 2024MobileMEF: Fast and Efficient Method for Multi-Exposure Fusion15 Aug 2024
- 2024Efficient Single Image Super-Resolution with Entropy Attention and Receptive Field Augmentation8 Aug 2024
- 2024WB LUTs: Contrastive Learning for White Balancing Lookup Tables15 Apr 2024
- 2023A Dual Domain Multi-exposure Image Fusion Network based on the Spatial-Frequency Integration17 Dec 2023
- 2023ReFusion: Learning Image Fusion from Reconstruction with Learnable Loss via Meta-Learning13 Dec 2023
- 2023Advancements and Trends in Ultra-High-Resolution Image Processing: An Overview30 Nov 2023
- 2023Redistributing the Precision and Content in 3D-LUT-based Inverse Tone-mapping for HDR/WCG Display29 Sep 2023
- 2026Single-Shot HDR Recovery via a Video Diffusion Priorcited by 0
- 2026Single-Shot HDR Recovery via a Video Diffusion Prior12 May 2026
- 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustmentcited by 27
- 2025UltraFusion: Ultra High Dynamic Imaging using Exposure Fusioncited by 21
- 2023ReFusion: Learning Image Fusion from Reconstruction with Learnable Loss via Meta-Learningcited by 15
- 2025LUT-Fuse: Towards Extremely Fast Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Distillation to Learnable Look-Up Tablescited by 9
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesiscited by 8
- 2024Fusion from Decomposition: A Self-Supervised Approach for Image Fusion and Beyondcited by 4
- 2025Discovering an Image-Adaptive Coordinate System for Photography Processingcited by 4
- 2025Retinex-MEF: Retinex-based Glare Effects Aware Unsupervised Multi-Exposure Image Fusioncited by 3
- 2023A Dual Domain Multi-exposure Image Fusion Network based on the Spatial-Frequency Integrationcited by 2
- 2024Efficient Single Image Super-Resolution with Entropy Attention and Receptive Field Augmentationcited by 2
- 2024WB LUTs: Contrastive Learning for White Balancing Lookup Tablescited by 1
- 2024MobileMEF: Fast and Efficient Method for Multi-Exposure Fusioncited by 1
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Dual-Output Multi-Exposure HDR Reconstruction via SDR Fusion and Gain Map Inverse Tone Mapping6 Aug 2026
- 2026Coarse-to-fine Framework for Generative MEF via Implicit Neural Representation20 Jul 2026
- 2026ExpoMotion: A Large-Scale Benchmark and A Householder Projection Network for Multi-Exposure Fusion3 Jul 2026
- 2026Synergistic Event-SVE Imaging for Quantitative Propellant Combustion Diagnostics26 Mar 2026
- 2026Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesis20 Feb 2026
- 2025LoopExpose: An Unsupervised Framework for Arbitrary-Length Exposure Correction8 Nov 2025
- 2025LUT-Fuse: Towards Extremely Fast Infrared and Visible Image Fusion via Distillation to Learnable Look-Up Tables30 Aug 2025
- 2025UNICE: Training A Universal Image Contrast Enhancer23 Jul 2025
- 2025Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment2 Apr 2025
- 2025Retinex-MEF: Retinex-based Glare Effects Aware Unsupervised Multi-Exposure Image Fusion10 Mar 2025
- 2025UltraFusion: Ultra High Dynamic Imaging using Exposure Fusion20 Jan 2025
- 2025Discovering an Image-Adaptive Coordinate System for Photography Processing11 Jan 2025
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)