Uni-NLX: Unifying Textual Explanations for Vision and Vision-Language Tasks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Natural Language Explanations (NLE) aim at supplementing the prediction of a model with human-friendly natural text. Existing NLE approaches involve training separate models for each downstream task. In this work, we propose Uni-NLX, a unified framework that consolidates all NLE tasks into a single and compact multi-task model using a unified training objective of text generation. Additionally, we introduce two new NLE datasets: 1) ImageNetX, a dataset of 144K samples for explaining ImageNet categories, and 2) VQA-ParaX, a dataset of 123K samples for explaining the task of Visual Question Answering (VQA). Both datasets are derived leveraging large language models (LLMs). By training on the 1M combined NLE samples, our single unified framework is capable of simultaneously performing seven NLE tasks including VQA, visual recognition and visual reasoning tasks with 7X fewer parameters, demonstrating comparable performance to the independent task-specific models in previous approaches, and in certain tasks even outperforming them. Code is at https://github.com/fawazsammani/uni-nlx
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Aug 2023.
Builds on
34 of 44 references.
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22 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 6.
12 papers.
- 2024Interpreting and Analysing CLIP's Zero-Shot Image Classification via Mutual Knowledgecited by 12
- 2024The Illusion of Competence: Evaluating the Effect of Explanations on Users' Mental Models of Visual Question Answering Systemscited by 6
- 2025DEXTER: Diffusion-Guided EXplanations with TExtual Reasoning for Vision Modelscited by 4
- 2026On Test-Time Scaling for Vision-Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024EchoNarrator: Generating natural text explanations for ejection fraction predictionscited by 2
- 2025Zero-Shot Textual Explanations via Translating Decision-Critical Featurescited by 1
- 2024Advancing Histopathology-Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Insights into Multi-Modality and Explainabilitycited by 0
- 2026UNBOX: Unveiling Black-box visual models with Natural-languagecited by 0
- 2026WeNLEX: Weakly Supervised Natural Language Explanations for Multilabel Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 0
- 2026Zero-Shot Faithful Textual Explanations via Directional-Derivative Influence on Predictionscited by 0
- 2026OCCAM: Open-set Causal Concept explAnation and Ontology induction for black-box vision Modelscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Explanation-Driven Vision-Language Reasoning via Generation Order Interventionscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Explanation-Driven Vision-Language Reasoning via Generation Order Interventions26 Aug 2026
- 2026On Test-Time Scaling for Vision-Language Models27 Jun 2026
- 2026OCCAM: Open-set Causal Concept explAnation and Ontology induction for black-box vision Models18 May 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Faithful Textual Explanations via Directional-Derivative Influence on Predictions16 May 2026
- 2026WeNLEX: Weakly Supervised Natural Language Explanations for Multilabel Chest X-ray Classification19 Mar 2026
- 2026UNBOX: Unveiling Black-box visual models with Natural-language9 Mar 2026
- 2025Zero-Shot Textual Explanations via Translating Decision-Critical Features8 Dec 2025
- 2025DEXTER: Diffusion-Guided EXplanations with TExtual Reasoning for Vision Models16 Oct 2025
- 2024EchoNarrator: Generating natural text explanations for ejection fraction predictions31 Oct 2024
- 2024Interpreting and Analysing CLIP's Zero-Shot Image Classification via Mutual Knowledge16 Oct 2024
- 2024The Illusion of Competence: Evaluating the Effect of Explanations on Users' Mental Models of Visual Question Answering Systems27 Jun 2024
- 2024Advancing Histopathology-Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Insights into Multi-Modality and Explainability7 Jun 2024
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- 2024Towards Efficient and Robust VQA-NLE Data Generation with Large Vision-Language Models
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- 2022CLEVR-X: A Visual Reasoning Dataset for Natural Language Explanations
- 2023From Wrong To Right: A Recursive Approach Towards Vision-Language Explanation
- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey
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- 2026Extraction and Analysis of Multimodal Concepts in Vision Language Models through Sparse Autoencoders
- 2026Understanding the Fine-Grained Knowledge Capabilities of Vision-Language Models