Breaking Speaker Recognition with PaddingBack
On the map: LLM safety and security → Audio jailbreaks and speech backdoors
Abstract (arXiv)
Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has gained popularity due to advancements in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, untrusted third-party platforms have raised concerns about AI security, particularly in backdoor attacks. Recent research has shown that speech backdoors can utilize transformations as triggers, similar to image backdoors. However, human ears can easily be aware of these transformations, leading to suspicion. In this paper, we propose PaddingBack, an inaudible backdoor attack that utilizes malicious operations to generate poisoned samples, rendering them indistinguishable from clean ones. Instead of using external perturbations as triggers, we exploit the widely-used speech signal operation, padding, to break speaker recognition systems. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving a significant attack success rate while retaining benign accuracy. Furthermore, PaddingBack demonstrates the ability to resist defense methods and maintain its stealthiness against human perception.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio jailbreaks and speech backdoors, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 13 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Aug 2023.
Builds on
13 of 19 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 12
- 2017Random Erasing Data Augmentationcited by 1,239
- 2017Targeted Backdoor Attacks on Deep Learning Systems Using Data Poisoningcited by 1,055
- 2017VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification datasetcited by 732
- 2020ECAPA-TDNN: Emphasized Channel Attention, Propagation and Aggregation in TDNN Based Speaker Verificationcited by 628
- 2020Backdoor Learning: A Surveycited by 426
- 2020Dataset Security for Machine Learning: Data Poisoning, Backdoor Attacks, and Defensescited by 180
- 2020Backdoor Attack against Speaker Verificationcited by 66
- 2022Pushing the limits of raw waveform speaker recognitioncited by 51
- 2021Can You Hear It? Backdoor Attacks via Ultrasonic Triggerscited by 44
- 2022Going In Style: Audio Backdoors Through Stylistic Transformationscited by 21
- 2022Just Rotate it: Deploying Backdoor Attacks via Rotation Transformationcited by 20
- 2022BATT: Backdoor Attack with Transformation-based Triggerscited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
3 papers.
- 2025Investigating Vulnerabilities and Defenses Against Audio-Visual Attacks: A Comprehensive Survey Emphasizing Multimodal Modelscited by 1
- 2025Multi-Target Backdoor Attacks Against Speaker Recognitioncited by 1
- 2026STEP: Detecting Audio Backdoor Attacks via Stability-based Trigger Exposure Profilingcited by 1
- 2026STEP: Detecting Audio Backdoor Attacks via Stability-based Trigger Exposure Profiling18 Mar 2026
- 2025Multi-Target Backdoor Attacks Against Speaker Recognition12 Aug 2025
- 2025Investigating Vulnerabilities and Defenses Against Audio-Visual Attacks: A Comprehensive Survey Emphasizing Multimodal Models13 Jun 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023FlowMur: A Stealthy and Practical Audio Backdoor Attack with Limited Knowledge
- 2023Towards Stealthy Backdoor Attacks against Speech Recognition via Elements of Sound
- 2026SpeechGuard: Online Defense against Backdoor Attacks on Speech Recognition Models
- 2025Gradient Norm-based Fine-Tuning for Backdoor Defense in Automatic Speech Recognition
- 2025SPBA: Utilizing Speech Large Language Model for Backdoor Attacks on Speech Classification Models
- 2026Natural Backdoor Attacks on Speech Recognition Models
- 2023Enrollment-stage Backdoor Attacks on Speaker Recognition Systems via Adversarial Ultrasound
- 2023Backdoor Attacks against Voice Recognition Systems: A Survey