mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LLMediator: GPT-4 Assisted Online Dispute Resolution

arXiv 2307.16732 ↗First posted 27 Jul 2023cs.CL cs.AI cs.CYcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this article, we introduce LLMediator, an experimental platform designed to enhance online dispute resolution (ODR) by utilizing capabilities of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. In the context of high-volume, low-intensity legal disputes, alternative dispute resolution methods such as negotiation and mediation offer accessible and cooperative solutions for laypeople. These approaches can be carried out online on ODR platforms. LLMediator aims to improve the efficacy of such processes by leveraging GPT-4 to reformulate user messages, draft mediator responses, and potentially autonomously engage in the discussions. We present and discuss several features of LLMediator and conduct initial qualitative evaluations, demonstrating the potential for LLMs to support ODR and facilitate amicable settlements. The initial proof of concept is promising and opens up avenues for further research in AI-assisted negotiation and mediation.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jul 2023.

Builds on

11 of 45 references.

References · 11

  1. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  2. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  3. 2023Can GPT-3 Perform Statutory Reasoning?cited by 71
  4. 2022GPT Takes the Bar Examcited by 65
  5. 2022Legal Prompting: Teaching a Language Model to Think Like a Lawyercited by 60
  6. 2023Explaining Legal Concepts with Augmented Large Language Models (GPT-4)cited by 39
  7. 2023Blind Judgement: Agent-Based Supreme Court Modelling With GPTcited by 37
  8. 2023Unlocking Practical Applications in Legal Domain: Evaluation of GPT for Zero-Shot Semantic Annotation of Legal Textscited by 32
  9. 2023How well do SOTA legal reasoning models support abductive reasoning?cited by 13
  10. 2021Computer-Assisted Creation of Boolean Search Rules for Text Classification in the Legal Domaincited by 12
  11. 2021Sentence Embeddings and High-speed Similarity Search for Fast Computer Assisted Annotation of Legal Documentscited by 9

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 3.

6 papers.

  1. 2023From Text to Structure: Using Large Language Models to Support the Development of Legal Expert Systemscited by 17
  2. 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolutioncited by 13
  3. 2024Exploring the Nexus of Large Language Models and Legal Systems: A Short Surveycited by 6
  4. 2025Interaction Protocol Shapes Moral Judgment in Multi-Agent Debatecited by 2
  5. 2025LegalWebAgent: Empowering Access to Justice via LLM-Based Web Agentscited by 1
  6. 2025From Divergence to Consensus: Evaluating the Role of Large Language Models in Facilitating Agreement through Adaptive Strategiescited by 0