Analysing Gender Bias in Text-to-Image Models using Object Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
This work presents a novel strategy to measure bias in text-to-image models. Using paired prompts that specify gender and vaguely reference an object (e.g. "a man/woman holding an item") we can examine whether certain objects are associated with a certain gender. In analysing results from Stable Diffusion, we observed that male prompts generated objects such as ties, knives, trucks, baseball bats, and bicycles more frequently. On the other hand, female prompts were more likely to generate objects such as handbags, umbrellas, bowls, bottles, and cups. We hope that the method outlined here will be a useful tool for examining bias in text-to-image models.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jul 2023.
Builds on
9 of 14 references.
References · 9
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
- 2018YOLOv3: An Incremental Improvementcited by 2,652
- 2022Easily Accessible Text-to-Image Generation Amplifies Demographic Stereotypes at Large Scalecited by 262
- 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 225
- 2023A Friendly Face: Do Text-to-Image Systems Rely on Stereotypes when the Input is Under-Specified?cited by 25
- 2023Auditing Gender Presentation Differences in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 22
- 2023Multimodal Composite Association Score: Measuring Gender Bias in Generative Multimodal Modelscited by 21
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigationcited by 66
- 2023Stable Diffusion Exposed: Gender Bias from Prompt to Imagecited by 25
- 2025A Large Scale Analysis of Gender Biases in Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 12
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptionscited by 6
- 2026Gender Artifacts from Art History to Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1
- 2025Using complex prompts to identify fine-grained biases in image generation through ChatGPT-4ocited by 0
- 2025When Cars Have Stereotypes: Auditing Demographic Bias in Objects from Text-to-Image Modelscited by 0
- 2026Gender Artifacts from Art History to Text-to-Image Generation4 Jun 2026
- 2025When Cars Have Stereotypes: Auditing Demographic Bias in Objects from Text-to-Image Models5 Aug 2025
- 2025Can we Debias Social Stereotypes in AI-Generated Images? Examining Text-to-Image Outputs and User Perceptions27 May 2025
- 2025Using complex prompts to identify fine-grained biases in image generation through ChatGPT-4o1 Apr 2025
- 2025A Large Scale Analysis of Gender Biases in Text-to-Image Generative Models30 Mar 2025
- 2024Survey of Bias In Text-to-Image Generation: Definition, Evaluation, and Mitigation1 Apr 2024
- 2023Stable Diffusion Exposed: Gender Bias from Prompt to Image5 Dec 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Do Existing Testing Tools Really Uncover Gender Bias in Text-to-Image Models?
- 2023Word-Level Explanations for Analyzing Bias in Text-to-Image Models
- 2025Exposing Hidden Biases in Text-to-Image Models via Automated Prompt Search
- 2025Hidden Bias in the Machine: Stereotypes in Text-to-Image Models
- 2024Generated Bias: Auditing Internal Bias Dynamics of Text-To-Image Generative Models
- 2023The Bias Amplification Paradox in Text-to-Image Generation
- 2024MoESD: Mixture of Experts Stable Diffusion to Mitigate Gender Bias
- 2025Automated Evaluation of Gender Bias Across 13 Large Multimodal Models