Grounding Characters and Places in Narrative Texts
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Tracking characters and locations throughout a story can help improve the understanding of its plot structure. Prior research has analyzed characters and locations from text independently without grounding characters to their locations in narrative time. Here, we address this gap by proposing a new spatial relationship categorization task. The objective of the task is to assign a spatial relationship category for every character and location co-mention within a window of text, taking into consideration linguistic context, narrative tense, and temporal scope. To this end, we annotate spatial relationships in approximately 2500 book excerpts and train a model using contextual embeddings as features to predict these relationships. When applied to a set of books, this model allows us to test several hypotheses on mobility and domestic space, revealing that protagonists are more mobile than non-central characters and that women as characters tend to occupy more interior space than men. Overall, our work is the first step towards joint modeling and analysis of characters and places in narrative text.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2023.
Builds on
6 of 49 references.
References · 6
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?cited by 250
- 2023Speak, Memory: An Archaeology of Books Known to ChatGPT/GPT-4cited by 125
- 2019An Annotated Dataset of Coreference in English Literaturecited by 58
- 2015Inferring Interpersonal Relations in Narrative Summariescited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
9 papers.
- 2024CHIRON: Rich Character Representations in Long-Form Narrativescited by 9
- 2023CPopQA: Ranking Cultural Concept Popularity by LLMscited by 8
- 2024Evaluating LLMs for Quotation Attribution in Literary Texts: A Case Study of LLaMa3cited by 8
- 2024Says Who? Effective Zero-Shot Annotation of Focalizationcited by 2
- 2025Computational Narrative Understanding for Expressive Text-to-Speechcited by 1
- 2026Computational Representations of Character Significance in Novelscited by 1
- 2025Visually Grounded Narratives: Reducing Cognitive Burden in Researcher-Participant Interactioncited by 0
- 2026CASPER in the Machine: Insights into Character Variety in LLM-Generated Storiescited by 0
- 2026How LLMs Build Fictional Worlds: Setting and Narrative Space in AI-Generated Creative Storytellingcited by 0
- 2026How LLMs Build Fictional Worlds: Setting and Narrative Space in AI-Generated Creative Storytelling2 Sep 2026
- 2026CASPER in the Machine: Insights into Character Variety in LLM-Generated Stories21 Jun 2026
- 2026Computational Representations of Character Significance in Novels21 Jan 2026
- 2025Computational Narrative Understanding for Expressive Text-to-Speech4 Sep 2025
- 2025Visually Grounded Narratives: Reducing Cognitive Burden in Researcher-Participant Interaction30 Aug 2025
- 2024Says Who? Effective Zero-Shot Annotation of Focalization17 Sep 2024
- 2024Evaluating LLMs for Quotation Attribution in Literary Texts: A Case Study of LLaMa317 Jun 2024
- 2024CHIRON: Rich Character Representations in Long-Form Narratives14 Jun 2024
- 2023CPopQA: Ranking Cultural Concept Popularity by LLMs14 Nov 2023