Prompt Evolution for Generative AI: A Classifier-Guided Approach
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Abstract (arXiv)
Synthesis of digital artifacts conditioned on user prompts has become an important paradigm facilitating an explosion of use cases with generative AI. However, such models often fail to connect the generated outputs and desired target concepts/preferences implied by the prompts. Current research addressing this limitation has largely focused on enhancing the prompts before output generation or improving the model's performance up front. In contrast, this paper conceptualizes prompt evolution, imparting evolutionary selection pressure and variation during the generative process to produce multiple outputs that satisfy the target concepts/preferences better. We propose a multi-objective instantiation of this broader idea that uses a multi-label image classifier-guided approach. The predicted labels from the classifiers serve as multiple objectives to optimize, with the aim of producing diversified images that meet user preferences. A novelty of our evolutionary algorithm is that the pre-trained generative model gives us implicit mutation operations, leveraging the model's stochastic generative capability to automate the creation of Pareto-optimized images more faithful to user preferences.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2023.
Builds on
17 of 22 references.
References · 17
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,539
- 2021The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuningcited by 3,769
- 2022eDiff-I: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with an Ensemble of Expert Denoiserscited by 921
- 2021An Explanation of In-context Learning as Implicit Bayesian Inferencecited by 915
- 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
- 2021Design Guidelines for Prompt Engineering Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 216
- 2022Re-Imagen: Retrieval-Augmented Text-to-Image Generatorcited by 208
- 2022Fine-tuning language models to find agreement among humans with diverse preferencescited by 189
- 2020TResNet: High Performance GPU-Dedicated Architecturecited by 119
- 2021ArtEmis: Affective Language for Visual Artcited by 103
- 2022Text-Guided Synthesis of Artistic Images with Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion Modelscited by 63
5 more
- 2022A Taxonomy of Prompt Modifiers for Text-To-Image Generationcited by 54
- 2023RePrompt: Automatic Prompt Editing to Refine AI-Generative Art Towards Precise Expressionscited by 43
- 2021Modern Evolution Strategies for Creativity: Fitting Concrete Images and Abstract Conceptscited by 40
- 2017Evolutionary Multitasking for Multiobjective Continuous Optimization: Benchmark Problems, Performance Metrics and Baseline Resultscited by 4
- 2023Grimm in Wonderland: Prompt Engineering with Midjourney to Illustrate Fairytalescited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 4.
9 papers.
- 2023Large Language and Text-to-3D Models for Engineering Design Optimizationcited by 7
- 2024Enhancing Decision-Making in Optimization through LLM-Assisted Inference: A Neural Networks Perspectivecited by 5
- 2024Generative AI-based Prompt Evolution Engineering Design Optimization With Vision-Language Modelcited by 3
- 2024LLM2TEA: An Agentic AI Designer for Discovery with Generative Evolutionary Multitaskingcited by 2
- 2025A Plug-and-Play Multi-Criteria Guidance for Diverse In-Betweening Human Motion Generationcited by 1
- 2024Automating Creativitycited by 0
- 2025Prompt Migration: Stabilizing GenAI Applications with Evolving Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Evolutionary Computation as Natural Generative AIcited by 0
- 2025Inference-Time Optimization of Prompt Embeddings in Diffusion Models: A Comparison of sep-CMA-ES and Adamcited by 0
- 2025Inference-Time Optimization of Prompt Embeddings in Diffusion Models: A Comparison of sep-CMA-ES and Adam5 Nov 2025
- 2025Evolutionary Computation as Natural Generative AI4 Oct 2025
- 2025A Plug-and-Play Multi-Criteria Guidance for Diverse In-Betweening Human Motion Generation3 Aug 2025
- 2025Prompt Migration: Stabilizing GenAI Applications with Evolving Large Language Models8 Jul 2025
- 2024LLM2TEA: An Agentic AI Designer for Discovery with Generative Evolutionary Multitasking21 Jun 2024
- 2024Generative AI-based Prompt Evolution Engineering Design Optimization With Vision-Language Model13 Jun 2024
- 2024Enhancing Decision-Making in Optimization through LLM-Assisted Inference: A Neural Networks Perspective12 May 2024
- 2024Automating Creativity11 May 2024
- 2023Large Language and Text-to-3D Models for Engineering Design Optimization3 Jul 2023