Distilling Robustness into Natural Language Inference Models with Domain-Targeted Augmentation
On the map: Knowledge distillation → Knowledge distillation for LLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Knowledge distillation optimises a smaller student model to behave similarly to a larger teacher model, retaining some of the performance benefits. While this method can improve results on in-distribution examples, it does not necessarily generalise to out-of-distribution (OOD) settings. We investigate two complementary methods for improving the robustness of the resulting student models on OOD domains. The first approach augments the distillation with generated unlabelled examples that match the target distribution. The second method upsamples data points among the training set that are similar to the target distribution. When applied on the task of natural language inference (NLI), our experiments on MNLI show that distillation with these modifications outperforms previous robustness solutions. We also find that these methods improve performance on OOD domains even beyond the target domain.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Knowledge distillation for LLMs, one of 12 directions in Knowledge distillation. Builds on 37 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.
Builds on
37 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2022Prompting to Distill: Boosting Data-Free Knowledge Distillation via Reinforced Prompt16 May
- 2022CILDA: Contrastive Data Augmentation using Intermediate Layer Knowledge Distillation15 Apr
- 2021MATE-KD: Masked Adversarial TExt, a Companion to Knowledge Distillation12 May
Other references · 34
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
- 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,307
- 2017A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for Sentence Understanding through Inferencecited by 2,682
- 2020DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attentioncited by 2,181
- 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,847
- 2020Knowledge Distillation: A Surveycited by 1,603
- 2019TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understandingcited by 1,167
- 2019Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inferencecited by 876
- 2019Adversarial NLI: A New Benchmark for Natural Language Understandingcited by 807
- 2018Annotation Artifacts in Natural Language Inference Datacited by 671
22 more
- 2018Born Again Neural Networkscited by 546
- 2021Just Train Twice: Improving Group Robustness without Training Group Informationcited by 523
- 2018e-SNLI: Natural Language Inference with Natural Language Explanationscited by 468
- 2018Stress Test Evaluation for Natural Language Inferencecited by 213
- 2022WANLI: Worker and AI Collaboration for Natural Language Inference Dataset Creationcited by 202
- 2020An Empirical Study on Robustness to Spurious Correlations using Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 134
- 2019End-to-End Bias Mitigation by Modelling Biases in Corporacited by 128
- 2020NILE : Natural Language Inference with Faithful Natural Language Explanationscited by 96
- 2021The MultiBERTs: BERT Reproductions for Robustness Analysiscited by 92
- 2020Learning from others' mistakes: Avoiding dataset biases without modeling themcited by 83
- 2020Learning What Makes a Difference from Counterfactual Examples and Gradient Supervisioncited by 66
- 2021Annealing Knowledge Distillationcited by 61
- 2019Self-Knowledge Distillation in Natural Language Processingcited by 60
- 2023How Robust is GPT-3.5 to Predecessors? A Comprehensive Study on Language Understanding Taskscited by 58
- 2021Variational Information Bottleneck for Effective Low-Resource Fine-Tuningcited by 51
- 2019Don't Take the Premise for Granted: Mitigating Artifacts in Natural Language Inferencecited by 49
- 2019Ensemble Knowledge Distillation for Learning Improved and Efficient Networkscited by 46
- 2017Ensemble Distillation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 39
- 2019On Adversarial Removal of Hypothesis-only Bias in Natural Language Inferencecited by 29
- 2020Natural Language Inference in Context -- Investigating Contextual Reasoning over Long Textscited by 23
- 2022Logical Reasoning with Span-Level Predictions for Interpretable and Robust NLI Modelscited by 18
- 2021How and When Adversarial Robustness Transfers in Knowledge Distillation?cited by 16
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2024LUCID: LLM-Generated Utterances for Complex and Interesting Dialoguescited by 7
- 2025Distillation versus Contrastive Learning: How to Train Your Rerankerscited by 6
- 2025Improving the OOD Performance of Closed-Source LLMs on NLI Through Strategic Data Selectioncited by 4
- 2025Mitigating Shortcut Learning with InterpoLated Learningcited by 2
- 2026Knowledge Distillation Must Account for What It Losescited by 1
- 2026SEA-NLI: Natural Language Inference as a Lens into Southeast Asian Cultural Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Do Student LLMs Inherit OOD Robustness? Invariance-Weighted Distillation for Reliable Knowledge Transfercited by 0
- 2026Do Student LLMs Inherit OOD Robustness? Invariance-Weighted Distillation for Reliable Knowledge Transfer18 Sep 2026
- 2026SEA-NLI: Natural Language Inference as a Lens into Southeast Asian Cultural Understanding2 Jun 2026
- 2026Knowledge Distillation Must Account for What It Loses28 Apr 2026
- 2025Distillation versus Contrastive Learning: How to Train Your Rerankers11 Jul 2025
- 2025Mitigating Shortcut Learning with InterpoLated Learning7 Jul 2025
- 2025Improving the OOD Performance of Closed-Source LLMs on NLI Through Strategic Data Selection26 May 2025
- 2024LUCID: LLM-Generated Utterances for Complex and Interesting Dialogues1 Mar 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2024Self-Knowledge Distillation for Learning Ambiguity
- 2024Multi-Stage Balanced Distillation: Addressing Long-Tail Challenges in Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation
- 2023A Systematic Study of Knowledge Distillation for Natural Language Generation with Pseudo-Target Training
- 2024DistiLLM: Towards Streamlined Distillation for Large Language Models
- 2024Knowledge Distillation Using Frontier Open-source LLMs: Generalizability and the Role of Synthetic Data
- 2025Do Students Debias Like Teachers? On the Distillability of Bias Mitigation Methods
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