The CLIP Model is Secretly an Image-to-Prompt Converter
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
The Stable Diffusion model is a prominent text-to-image generation model that relies on a text prompt as its input, which is encoded using the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP). However, text prompts have limitations when it comes to incorporating implicit information from reference images. Existing methods have attempted to address this limitation by employing expensive training procedures involving millions of training samples for image-to-image generation. In contrast, this paper demonstrates that the CLIP model, as utilized in Stable Diffusion, inherently possesses the ability to instantaneously convert images into text prompts. Such an image-to-prompt conversion can be achieved by utilizing a linear projection matrix that is calculated in a closed form. Moreover, the paper showcases that this capability can be further enhanced by either utilizing a small amount of similar-domain training data (approximately 100 images) or incorporating several online training steps (around 30 iterations) on the reference images. By leveraging these approaches, the proposed method offers a simple and flexible solution to bridge the gap between images and text prompts. This methodology can be applied to various tasks such as image variation and image editing, facilitating more effective and seamless interaction between images and textual prompts.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 27 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 May 2023.
Builds on
27 of 33 references.
Closest ancestors · 10
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
- 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
- 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis9 Dec
- 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
- 2022Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Models17 Nov
- 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models17 Oct
- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
- 2022Compositional Visual Generation with Composable Diffusion Models3 Jun
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
Other references · 17
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,588
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,952
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,777
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,550
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,718
- 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,213
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,023
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,284
- 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,975
- 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,421
- 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,407
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,240
5 more
- 2022Visual Prompt Tuningcited by 1,677
- 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 903
- 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifoldscited by 697
- 2023Zero-shot Image-to-Image Translationcited by 503
- 2022Make-A-Scene: Scene-Based Text-to-Image Generation with Human Priorscited by 487
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
14 papers.
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- 2023Improving Image Restoration through Removing Degradations in Textual Representationscited by 36
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2025Padding Tone: A Mechanistic Analysis of Padding Tokens in T2I Modelscited by 12
- 2024Can CLIP Count Stars? An Empirical Study on Quantity Bias in CLIPcited by 9
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representationcited by 8
- 2025MoRE-Brain: Routed Mixture of Experts for Interpretable and Generalizable Cross-Subject fMRI Visual Decodingcited by 7
- 2024An Analysis of Human Alignment of Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025SeMoBridge: Semantic Modality Bridge for Efficient Few-Shot Adaptation of CLIPcited by 3
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidancecited by 2
- 2024ShapeWords: Guiding Text-to-Image Synthesis with 3D Shape-Aware Promptscited by 2
- 2025Disentangling Latent Embeddings with Sparse Linear Concept Subspaces (SLiCS)cited by 1
- 2024Contrastive Learning to Fine-Tune Feature Extraction Models for the Visual Cortexcited by 0
- 2026DEFUSE: Generalizable Backdoor Defense for Self-Supervised Encoders with Generative Priors26 Aug 2026
- 2025SeMoBridge: Semantic Modality Bridge for Efficient Few-Shot Adaptation of CLIP30 Sep 2025
- 2025Disentangling Latent Embeddings with Sparse Linear Concept Subspaces (SLiCS)27 Aug 2025
- 2025MoRE-Brain: Routed Mixture of Experts for Interpretable and Generalizable Cross-Subject fMRI Visual Decoding21 May 2025
- 2025KDC-Diff: A Latent-Aware Diffusion Model with Knowledge Retention for Memory-Efficient Image Generation11 May 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2025Padding Tone: A Mechanistic Analysis of Padding Tokens in T2I Models12 Jan 2025
- 2024ShapeWords: Guiding Text-to-Image Synthesis with 3D Shape-Aware Prompts3 Dec 2024
- 2024Contrastive Learning to Fine-Tune Feature Extraction Models for the Visual Cortex8 Oct 2024
- 2024Can CLIP Count Stars? An Empirical Study on Quantity Bias in CLIP23 Sep 2024
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidance12 Sep 2024
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representation10 Sep 2024
2 more
- 2025Padding Tone: A Mechanistic Analysis of Padding Tokens in T2I Modelscited by 12
- 2024An Analysis of Human Alignment of Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025KDC-Diff: A Latent-Aware Diffusion Model with Knowledge Retention for Memory-Efficient Image Generationcited by 0
- 2026DEFUSE: Generalizable Backdoor Defense for Self-Supervised Encoders with Generative Priorscited by 0
- 2026DEFUSE: Generalizable Backdoor Defense for Self-Supervised Encoders with Generative Priors26 Aug 2026
- 2025KDC-Diff: A Latent-Aware Diffusion Model with Knowledge Retention for Memory-Efficient Image Generation11 May 2025
- 2025Padding Tone: A Mechanistic Analysis of Padding Tokens in T2I Models12 Jan 2025
- 2024An Analysis of Human Alignment of Latent Diffusion Models13 Mar 2024
- 2023Improving Image Restoration through Removing Degradations in Textual Representationscited by 36
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2024Can CLIP Count Stars? An Empirical Study on Quantity Bias in CLIPcited by 9
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representationcited by 8
- 2025SeMoBridge: Semantic Modality Bridge for Efficient Few-Shot Adaptation of CLIPcited by 3
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidancecited by 2
- 2024ShapeWords: Guiding Text-to-Image Synthesis with 3D Shape-Aware Promptscited by 2
- 2025Disentangling Latent Embeddings with Sparse Linear Concept Subspaces (SLiCS)cited by 1
- 2024Contrastive Learning to Fine-Tune Feature Extraction Models for the Visual Cortexcited by 0
- 2025SeMoBridge: Semantic Modality Bridge for Efficient Few-Shot Adaptation of CLIP30 Sep 2025
- 2025Disentangling Latent Embeddings with Sparse Linear Concept Subspaces (SLiCS)27 Aug 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024ShapeWords: Guiding Text-to-Image Synthesis with 3D Shape-Aware Prompts3 Dec 2024
- 2024Contrastive Learning to Fine-Tune Feature Extraction Models for the Visual Cortex8 Oct 2024
- 2024Can CLIP Count Stars? An Empirical Study on Quantity Bias in CLIP23 Sep 2024
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidance12 Sep 2024
- 2024PoseEmbroider: Towards a 3D, Visual, Semantic-aware Human Pose Representation10 Sep 2024
- 2023Improving Image Restoration through Removing Degradations in Textual Representations28 Dec 2023
Similar, not cited
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- 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
- 2023Prompt-Free Diffusion: Taking "Text" out of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
- 2023Reverse Stable Diffusion: What prompt was used to generate this image?
- 2023If at First You Don't Succeed, Try, Try Again: Faithful Diffusion-based Text-to-Image Generation by Selection
- 2023Controlled and Conditional Text to Image Generation with Diffusion Prior
- 2025EDITOR: Effective and Interpretable Prompt Inversion for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
- 2024Diffusion Feedback Helps CLIP See Better
- 2024Dynamic Prompt Optimizing for Text-to-Image Generation