Fine-tuning Language Models with Generative Adversarial Reward Modelling
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has been demonstrated to significantly enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by aligning their outputs with desired human values through instruction tuning. However, RLHF is constrained by the expertise and productivity limitations of human evaluators. A response to this downside is to fall back to supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with additional carefully selected expert demonstrations. However, while this method has been proven to be effective, it invariably also leads to increased human-in-the-loop overhead. In this study, we propose another alternative approach: Reinforcement Learning with Generative Adversarial Feedback (RLGAF) to RLHF and SFT, which uses a generative adversarial training style to enable the LLMs to learn useful human expert demonstrations without being directly exposed to the training examples, thus enabling good generalization capabilities while preserving sample efficiency. Our preliminary findings indicate that RLGAF can help align LLMs outputs with competitive performance against RLHF and SFT, while not suffering from their respective inherent restrictions, suggesting promising avenues for further research on automating AI alignment.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 24 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 May 2023.
Builds on
24 of 46 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Perspectives on the Social Impacts of Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback6 Mar
- 2022Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimization19 Oct
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun
Other references · 21
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- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
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- 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 2,950
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9 more
- 2023SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Modelscited by 787
- 2023OpenAssistant Conversations -- Democratizing Large Language Model Alignmentcited by 712
- 2023Instruction Tuning with GPT-4cited by 676
- 2016SeqGAN: Sequence Generative Adversarial Nets with Policy Gradientcited by 375
- 2017Inverse Reward Designcited by 246
- 2020A Review on Generative Adversarial Networks: Algorithms, Theory, and Applicationscited by 209
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
8 papers.
- 2024Creativity Has Left the Chat: The Price of Debiasing Language Modelscited by 29
- 2024Generated Data with Fake Privacy: Hidden Dangers of Fine-tuning Large Language Models on Generated Datacited by 21
- 2025LLM Misalignment via Adversarial RLHF Platformscited by 5
- 2025Adversarial Suffix Filtering: a Defense Pipeline for LLMscited by 5
- 2025Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interactioncited by 3
- 2025Lightweight Safety Guardrails via Synthetic Data and RL-guided Adversarial Trainingcited by 1
- 2026Self-Generative Adversarial Fine-Tuning for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Pretrained Persona Mixture Models and Tandem Models for Human Simulationcited by 0
- 2026Pretrained Persona Mixture Models and Tandem Models for Human Simulation18 Sep 2026
- 2026Self-Generative Adversarial Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models1 Feb 2026
- 2025Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interaction22 Nov 2025
- 2025Lightweight Safety Guardrails via Synthetic Data and RL-guided Adversarial Training11 Jul 2025
- 2025Adversarial Suffix Filtering: a Defense Pipeline for LLMs14 May 2025
- 2025LLM Misalignment via Adversarial RLHF Platforms4 Mar 2025
- 2024Generated Data with Fake Privacy: Hidden Dangers of Fine-tuning Large Language Models on Generated Data12 Sep 2024
- 2024Creativity Has Left the Chat: The Price of Debiasing Language Models8 Jun 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
- 2025Distributionally Robust Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback
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- 2024On The Global Convergence Of Online RLHF With Neural Parametrization
- 2023RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedback
- 2024Does RLHF Scale? Exploring the Impacts From Data, Model, and Method
- 2025Robust Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback for Large Language Models Fine-Tuning