A Review of Vision-Language Models and their Performance on the Hateful Memes Challenge
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Social bias and fairness in VLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Moderation of social media content is currently a highly manual task, yet there is too much content posted daily to do so effectively. With the advent of a number of multimodal models, there is the potential to reduce the amount of manual labor for this task. In this work, we aim to explore different models and determine what is most effective for the Hateful Memes Challenge, a challenge by Meta designed to further machine learning research in content moderation. Specifically, we explore the differences between early fusion and late fusion models in classifying multimodal memes containing text and images. We first implement a baseline using unimodal models for text and images separately using BERT and ResNet-152, respectively. The outputs from these unimodal models were then concatenated together to create a late fusion model. In terms of early fusion models, we implement ConcatBERT, VisualBERT, ViLT, CLIP, and BridgeTower. It was found that late fusion performed significantly worse than early fusion models, with the best performing model being CLIP which achieved an AUROC of 70.06. The code for this work is available at https://github.com/bzhao18/CS-7643-Project.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social bias and fairness in VLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 16 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 May 2023.
Builds on
16 of 21 references.
References · 16
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4 more
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- 2023Mapping Memes to Words for Multimodal Hateful Meme Classification
- 2021Caption Enriched Samples for Improving Hateful Memes Detection
- 2024Exploring the Limits of Zero Shot Vision Language Models for Hate Meme Detection: The Vulnerabilities and their Interpretations
- 2025Detecting and Mitigating Hateful Content in Multimodal Memes with Vision-Language Models
- 2025Improving Multimodal Hateful Meme Detection Exploiting LMM-Generated Knowledge
- 2026Beyond Accuracy: A Qualitative Analysis of Vision-Language Models for Hate Speech Detection in Memes
- 2026From Native Memes to Global Moderation: Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Vision-Language Models for Hateful Meme Detection