mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

XAI-based Comparison of Input Representations for Audio Event Classification

arXiv 2304.14019 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2023cs.SD cs.CV cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deep neural networks are a promising tool for Audio Event Classification. In contrast to other data like natural images, there are many sensible and non-obvious representations for audio data, which could serve as input to these models. Due to their black-box nature, the effect of different input representations has so far mostly been investigated by measuring classification performance. In this work, we leverage eXplainable AI (XAI), to understand the underlying classification strategies of models trained on different input representations. Specifically, we compare two model architectures with regard to relevant input features used for Audio Event Detection: one directly processes the signal as the raw waveform, and the other takes in its time-frequency spectrogram representation. We show how relevance heatmaps obtained via "Siren"{Layer-wise Relevance Propagation} uncover representation-dependent decision strategies. With these insights, we can make a well-informed decision about the best input representation in terms of robustness and representativity and confirm that the model's classification strategies align with human requirements.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2023.

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11 of 30 references.

References · 11

  1. 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
  2. 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 701
  3. 2015Explaining NonLinear Classification Decisions with Deep Taylor Decompositioncited by 248
  4. 2019Towards Best Practice in Explaining Neural Network Decisions with LRPcited by 70
  5. 2021Software for Dataset-wide XAI: From Local Explanations to Global Insights with Zennit, CoRelAy, and ViRelAycited by 53
  6. 2021Multi-Format Contrastive Learning of Audio Representationscited by 39
  7. 2023Explainable AI for Time Series via Virtual Inspection Layerscited by 23
  8. 2019End-to-End Environmental Sound Classification using a 1D Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 20
  9. 2017Raw Waveform-based Audio Classification Using Sample-level CNN Architecturescited by 12
  10. 2021Emergency Vehicles Audio Detection and Localization in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  11. 2021Interpreting deep urban sound classification using Layer-wise Relevance Propagationcited by 2

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.

3 papers.