mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

NLP-LTU at SemEval-2023 Task 10: The Impact of Data Augmentation and Semi-Supervised Learning Techniques on Text Classification Performance on an Imbalanced Dataset

arXiv 2304.12847 ↗First posted 25 Apr 2023cs.CLcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a methodology for task 10 of SemEval23, focusing on detecting and classifying online sexism in social media posts. The task is tackling a serious issue, as detecting harmful content on social media platforms is crucial for mitigating the harm of these posts on users. Our solution for this task is based on an ensemble of fine-tuned transformer-based models (BERTweet, RoBERTa, and DeBERTa). To alleviate problems related to class imbalance, and to improve the generalization capability of our model, we also experiment with data augmentation and semi-supervised learning. In particular, for data augmentation, we use back-translation, either on all classes, or on the underrepresented classes only. We analyze the impact of these strategies on the overall performance of the pipeline through extensive experiments. while for semi-supervised learning, we found that with a substantial amount of unlabelled, in-domain data available, semi-supervised learning can enhance the performance of certain models. Our proposed method (for which the source code is available on Github attains an F1-score of 0.8613 for sub-taskA, which ranked us 10th in the competition

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2023.

Builds on

15 of 25 references.

References · 15

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,372
  3. 2021DeBERTaV3: Improving DeBERTa using ELECTRA-Style Pre-Training with Gradient-Disentangled Embedding Sharingcited by 1,254
  4. 2019EDA: Easy Data Augmentation Techniques for Boosting Performance on Text Classification Taskscited by 807
  5. 2020BERTweet: A pre-trained language model for English Tweetscited by 346
  6. 2020HateBERT: Retraining BERT for Abusive Language Detection in Englishcited by 207
  7. 2018Contextual Augmentation: Data Augmentation by Words with Paradigmatic Relationscited by 201
  8. 2019Not Enough Data? Deep Learning to the Rescue!cited by 175
  9. 2020"Call me sexist, but...": Revisiting Sexism Detection Using Psychological Scales and Adversarial Samplescited by 48
  10. 2023SemEval-2023 Task 10: Explainable Detection of Online Sexismcited by 48
  11. 2020How Effective is Task-Agnostic Data Augmentation for Pretrained Transformers?cited by 41
  12. 2019Multi-label Categorization of Accounts of Sexism using a Neural Frameworkcited by 19
3 more
  1. 2021Smaaprat: DialoGPT for Natural Language Generation of Swedish Dialogue by Transfer Learningcited by 11
  2. 2022HaT5: Hate Language Identification using Text-to-Text Transfer Transformercited by 8
  3. 2014Semi-supervised Classification for Natural Language Processingcited by 5

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Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1.

2 papers.

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  1. 2023HausaNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 10: Transfer Learning, Synthetic Data and Side-Information for Multi-Level Sexism Classification
  2. 2024Sexism Detection on a Data Diet
  3. 2025LLM-based Semantic Augmentation for Harmful Content Detection
  4. 2025Mario at EXIST 2025: A Simple Gateway to Effective Multilingual Sexism Detection
  5. 2026Learning Sexism Detection Using Multi-Agent Perspectivist Preference Optimization
  6. 2021Neural Models for Offensive Language Detection
  7. 2026N"urnberg NLP @ GermEval Shared Task 2026: Harmful Content Detection in German Social Media through Error-Independent LLM Voters
  8. 2024Knowledge Distillation in Automated Annotation: Supervised Text Classification with LLM-Generated Training Labels