Nearest Neighbor Based Out-of-Distribution Detection in Remote Sensing Scene Classification
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning models for image classification are typically trained under the "closed-world" assumption with a predefined set of image classes. However, when the models are deployed they may be faced with input images not belonging to the classes encountered during training. This type of scenario is common in remote sensing image classification where images come from different geographic areas, sensors, and imaging conditions. In this paper we deal with the problem of detecting remote sensing images coming from a different distribution compared to the training data - out of distribution images. We propose a benchmark for out of distribution detection in remote sensing scene classification and evaluate detectors based on maximum softmax probability and nearest neighbors. The experimental results show convincing advantages of the method based on nearest neighbors.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 10 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Mar 2023.
Builds on
8 of 10 references.
References · 8
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,362
- 2017Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification: Benchmark and State of the Artcited by 791
- 2022Out-of-Distribution Detection with Deep Nearest Neighborscited by 596
- 2021Open-Set Recognition: a Good Closed-Set Classifier is All You Need?cited by 351
- 2017PatternNet: A Benchmark Dataset for Performance Evaluation of Remote Sensing Image Retrievalcited by 96
- 2022Back to the Basics: Revisiting Out-of-Distribution Detection Baselinescited by 16
- 2021Out-of-distribution detection in satellite image classificationcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026OT on the Map: Quantifying Domain Shifts in Geographic Space17 Apr 2026