Monocular Visual-Inertial Depth Estimation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a visual-inertial depth estimation pipeline that integrates monocular depth estimation and visual-inertial odometry to produce dense depth estimates with metric scale. Our approach performs global scale and shift alignment against sparse metric depth, followed by learning-based dense alignment. We evaluate on the TartanAir and VOID datasets, observing up to 30% reduction in inverse RMSE with dense scale alignment relative to performing just global alignment alone. Our approach is especially competitive at low density; with just 150 sparse metric depth points, our dense-to-dense depth alignment method achieves over 50% lower iRMSE over sparse-to-dense depth completion by KBNet, currently the state of the art on VOID. We demonstrate successful zero-shot transfer from synthetic TartanAir to real-world VOID data and perform generalization tests on NYUv2 and VCU-RVI. Our approach is modular and is compatible with a variety of monocular depth estimation models. Video: https://youtu.be/IMwiKwSpshQ Code: https://github.com/isl-org/VI-Depth
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2023.
Builds on
21 of 30 references.
References · 21
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,789
- 2019Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfercited by 1,484
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
- 2016ORB-SLAM2: an Open-Source SLAM System for Monocular, Stereo and RGB-D Camerascited by 801
- 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 731
- 2017AirSim: High-Fidelity Visual and Physical Simulation for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 517
- 2020TartanAir: A Dataset to Push the Limits of Visual SLAMcited by 494
- 2017VINS-Mono: A Robust and Versatile Monocular Visual-Inertial State Estimatorcited by 418
- 2020Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 220
- 2020Non-Local Spatial Propagation Network for Depth Completioncited by 194
- 2020Robust Consistent Video Depth Estimationcited by 188
9 more
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2019Unsupervised Depth Completion from Visual Inertial Odometrycited by 88
- 2020Don't Forget The Past: Recurrent Depth Estimation from Monocular Videocited by 71
- 2019Neural RGB->D Sensing: Depth and Uncertainty from a Video Cameracited by 69
- 2021Unsupervised Depth Completion with Calibrated Backprojection Layerscited by 61
- 2018Geo-Supervised Visual Depth Predictioncited by 33
- 2019SelfVIO: Self-Supervised Deep Monocular Visual-Inertial Odometry and Depth Estimationcited by 23
- 2019Video Depth Estimation by Fusing Flow-to-Depth Proposalscited by 23
- 2020Deep Depth Estimation from Visual-Inertial SLAMcited by 13
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
18 papers.
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- 2023MiDaS v3.1 -- A Model Zoo for Robust Monocular Relative Depth Estimationcited by 173
- 2024Deep Patch Visual SLAMcited by 68
- 2024RadarCam-Depth: Radar-Camera Fusion for Depth Estimation with Learned Metric Scalecited by 20
- 2023SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Levelcited by 11
- 2024HybridDepth: Robust Metric Depth Fusion by Leveraging Depth from Focus and Single-Image Priorscited by 11
- 2023NeRF-VO: Real-Time Sparse Visual Odometry with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 10
- 2024RIDERS: Radar-Infrared Depth Estimation for Robust Sensingcited by 5
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 5
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025RaCalNet: Radar Calibration Network for Sparse-Supervised Metric Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2025Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Monocular Visual-Inertial Rescaling for Autonomous Aerial Navigationcited by 1
- 2025SPADE: Sparsity Adaptive Depth Estimator for Zero-Shot, Real-Time, Monocular Depth Estimation in Underwater Environmentscited by 1
6 more
- 2026The Multipath Blind Spot: K-Agnostic Robust Calibration for Sparse-Anchor Metric Depth from Frozen Foundationscited by 1
- 2025Survey on Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2025VGLD: Visually-Guided Linguistic Disambiguation for Monocular Depth Scale Recoverycited by 0
- 2025VIMD: Monocular Visual-Inertial Motion and Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2026PTC-Depth: Pose-Refined Monocular Depth Estimation with Temporal Consistencycited by 0
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Trackingcited by 0
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Tracking26 Sep 2026
- 2026The Multipath Blind Spot: K-Agnostic Robust Calibration for Sparse-Anchor Metric Depth from Frozen Foundations5 Jul 2026
- 2026PTC-Depth: Pose-Refined Monocular Depth Estimation with Temporal Consistency2 Apr 2026
- 2025SPADE: Sparsity Adaptive Depth Estimator for Zero-Shot, Real-Time, Monocular Depth Estimation in Underwater Environments29 Oct 2025
- 2025VIMD: Monocular Visual-Inertial Motion and Depth Estimation24 Sep 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Monocular Visual-Inertial Rescaling for Autonomous Aerial Navigation9 Sep 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025RaCalNet: Radar Calibration Network for Sparse-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation18 Jun 2025
- 2025VGLD: Visually-Guided Linguistic Disambiguation for Monocular Depth Scale Recovery5 May 2025
- 2025Survey on Monocular Metric Depth Estimation21 Jan 2025
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Monocular Metric Depth Estimation18 Dec 2024
- 2024Deep Patch Visual SLAM3 Aug 2024
6 more
- 2024HybridDepth: Robust Metric Depth Fusion by Leveraging Depth from Focus and Single-Image Priors26 Jul 2024
- 2024RIDERS: Radar-Infrared Depth Estimation for Robust Sensing3 Feb 2024
- 2024RadarCam-Depth: Radar-Camera Fusion for Depth Estimation with Learned Metric Scale9 Jan 2024
- 2023NeRF-VO: Real-Time Sparse Visual Odometry with Neural Radiance Fields20 Dec 2023
- 2023SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Level10 Dec 2023
- 2023MiDaS v3.1 -- A Model Zoo for Robust Monocular Relative Depth Estimation26 Jul 2023
- 2023MiDaS v3.1 -- A Model Zoo for Robust Monocular Relative Depth Estimationcited by 173
- 2024Deep Patch Visual SLAMcited by 68
- 2024RadarCam-Depth: Radar-Camera Fusion for Depth Estimation with Learned Metric Scalecited by 20
- 2023SuperPrimitive: Scene Reconstruction at a Primitive Levelcited by 11
- 2024HybridDepth: Robust Metric Depth Fusion by Leveraging Depth from Focus and Single-Image Priorscited by 11
- 2023NeRF-VO: Real-Time Sparse Visual Odometry with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 10
- 2024RIDERS: Radar-Infrared Depth Estimation for Robust Sensingcited by 5
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Monocular Metric Depth Estimationcited by 5
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistencycited by 4
- 2025RaCalNet: Radar Calibration Network for Sparse-Supervised Metric Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2025Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Monocular Visual-Inertial Rescaling for Autonomous Aerial Navigationcited by 1
- 2025SPADE: Sparsity Adaptive Depth Estimator for Zero-Shot, Real-Time, Monocular Depth Estimation in Underwater Environmentscited by 1
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026GAUGE: Group-Wise View-Inconsistency Rectification for Feed-Forward 4D Tracking26 Sep 2026
- 2026The Multipath Blind Spot: K-Agnostic Robust Calibration for Sparse-Anchor Metric Depth from Frozen Foundations5 Jul 2026
- 2026PTC-Depth: Pose-Refined Monocular Depth Estimation with Temporal Consistency2 Apr 2026
- 2025SPADE: Sparsity Adaptive Depth Estimator for Zero-Shot, Real-Time, Monocular Depth Estimation in Underwater Environments29 Oct 2025
- 2025VIMD: Monocular Visual-Inertial Motion and Depth Estimation24 Sep 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Metric Depth Estimation via Monocular Visual-Inertial Rescaling for Autonomous Aerial Navigation9 Sep 2025
- 2025PacGDC: Label-Efficient Generalizable Depth Completion with Projection Ambiguity and Consistency10 Jul 2025
- 2025RaCalNet: Radar Calibration Network for Sparse-Supervised Metric Depth Estimation18 Jun 2025
- 2025VGLD: Visually-Guided Linguistic Disambiguation for Monocular Depth Scale Recovery5 May 2025
- 2025Survey on Monocular Metric Depth Estimation21 Jan 2025
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Test-Time Adaptation for Zero-Shot Monocular Metric Depth Estimation18 Dec 2024
- 2024Deep Patch Visual SLAM3 Aug 2024
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)