Reply to: Modern graph neural networks do worse than classical greedy algorithms in solving combinatorial optimization problems like maximum independent set
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Abstract (arXiv)
We provide a comprehensive reply to the comment written by Chiara Angelini and Federico Ricci-Tersenghi [arXiv:2206.13211] and argue that the comment singles out one particular non-representative example problem, entirely focusing on the maximum independent set (MIS) on sparse graphs, for which greedy algorithms are expected to perform well. Conversely, we highlight the broader algorithmic development underlying our original work, and (within our original framework) provide additional numerical results showing sizable improvements over our original results, thereby refuting the comment's performance statements. We also provide results showing run-time scaling superior to the results provided by Angelini and Ricci-Tersenghi. Furthermore, we show that the proposed set of random d-regular graphs does not provide a universal set of benchmark instances, nor do greedy heuristics provide a universal algorithmic baseline. Finally, we argue that the internal (parallel) anatomy of graph neural networks is very different from the (sequential) nature of greedy algorithms and emphasize that graph neural networks have demonstrated their potential for superior scalability compared to existing heuristics such as parallel tempering. We conclude by discussing the conceptual novelty of our work and outline some potential extensions.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Feb 2023.
Builds on
7 of 12 references.
References · 7
- 2021Geometric Deep Learning: Grids, Groups, Graphs, Geodesics, and Gaugescited by 1,131
- 2021Understanding over-squashing and bottlenecks on graphs via curvaturecited by 471
- 2020DistDGL: Distributed Graph Neural Network Training for Billion-Scale Graphscited by 139
- 2019Fake News Detection on Social Media using Geometric Deep Learningcited by 115
- 2021Combinatorial Optimization with Physics-Inspired Graph Neural Networkscited by 107
- 2022Modern graph neural networks do worse than classical greedy algorithms in solving combinatorial optimization problems like maximum independent setcited by 33
- 2022Graph Coloring with Physics-Inspired Graph Neural Networkscited by 29
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2023Controlling Continuous Relaxation for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 16
- 2024Optimization by Parallel Quasi-Quantum Annealing with Gradient-Based Samplingcited by 6
- 2023Barriers for the performance of graph neural networks (GNN) in discrete random structures. A comment on~citeschuetz2022combinatorial,citeangelini2023modern,citeschuetz2023replycited by 1
- 2023A Graph Neural Network-Based QUBO-Formulated Hamiltonian-Inspired Loss Function for Combinatorial Optimization using Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Graph Neural Networks are Heuristicscited by 1
- 2026Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks in Solving Hard Constraint Satisfaction Problemscited by 1
- 2023A Graph Neural Network-Based QUBO-Formulated Hamiltonian-Inspired Loss Function for Combinatorial Optimization using Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2024A short review on the maximum clique problem algorithms with classical, AI, and quantum methodscited by 0
- 2025Binarizing Physics-Inspired GNNs for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks in Solving Hard Constraint Satisfaction Problems20 Feb 2026
- 2026Graph Neural Networks are Heuristics19 Jan 2026
- 2025Binarizing Physics-Inspired GNNs for Combinatorial Optimization18 Jul 2025
- 2024Optimization by Parallel Quasi-Quantum Annealing with Gradient-Based Sampling2 Sep 2024
- 2024A short review on the maximum clique problem algorithms with classical, AI, and quantum methods13 Mar 2024
- 2023A Graph Neural Network-Based QUBO-Formulated Hamiltonian-Inspired Loss Function for Combinatorial Optimization using Reinforcement Learning27 Nov 2023
- 2023Controlling Continuous Relaxation for Combinatorial Optimization29 Sep 2023
- 2023A Graph Neural Network-Based QUBO-Formulated Hamiltonian-Inspired Loss Function for Combinatorial Optimization using Reinforcement Learning27 Aug 2023
- 2023Barriers for the performance of graph neural networks (GNN) in discrete random structures. A comment on~citeschuetz2022combinatorial,citeangelini2023modern,citeschuetz2023reply5 Jun 2023