mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Real-Time Digital Twins: Vision and Research Directions for 6G and Beyond

arXiv 2301.11283 ↗First posted 26 Jan 2023eess.SP cs.IT cs.LGcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

This article presents a vision where textitreal-time digital twins of the physical wireless environments are continuously updated using multi-modal sensing data from the distributed infrastructure and user devices, and are used to make communication and sensing decisions. This vision is mainly enabled by the advances in precise 3D maps, multi-modal sensing, ray-tracing computations, and machine/deep learning. This article details this vision, explains the different approaches for constructing and utilizing these real-time digital twins, discusses the applications and open problems, and presents a research platform that can be used to investigate various digital twin research directions.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 5 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2023.

Builds on

5 of 16 references.

References · 5

  1. 2022DeepSense 6G: A Large-Scale Real-World Multi-Modal Sensing and Communication Datasetcited by 53
  2. 2021Digital-Twin-Enabled 6G: Vision, Architectural Trends, and Future Directionscited by 38
  3. 2023Digital Twin Based Beam Prediction: Can we Train in the Digital World and Deploy in Reality?cited by 12
  4. 2022Integrated Sensing and Communication for 6G: Ten Key Machine Learning Rolescited by 11
  5. 2022Sensing Aided OTFS Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO Systemscited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 8; 2024: 4; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.

26 papers.

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  1. 2023Sionna RT: Differentiable Ray Tracing for Radio Propagation Modelingcited by 61
  2. 2023Learning Radio Environments by Differentiable Ray Tracingcited by 23
  3. 2023A Scalable and Generalizable Pathloss Map Predictioncited by 18
  4. 2023Calibrating Wireless Ray Tracing for Digital Twinning using Local Phase Error Estimatescited by 14
  5. 2024A Survey on Integrated Sensing, Communication, and Computationcited by 12
  6. 2024ENWAR: A RAG-empowered Multi-Modal LLM Framework for Wireless Environment Perceptioncited by 7
  7. 2023Camera Based mmWave Beam Prediction: Towards Multi-Candidate Real-World Scenarioscited by 6
  8. 2023A Multi-Modal Simulation Framework to Enable Digital Twin-based V2X Communications in Dynamic Environmentscited by 5
  9. 2025RMTransformer: Accurate Radio Map Construction and Coverage Predictioncited by 5
  10. 2024DeepSense-V2V: A Vehicle-to-Vehicle Multi-Modal Sensing, Localization, and Communications Datasetcited by 4
  11. 2023Vehicle Cameras Guide mmWave Beams: Approach and Real-World V2V Demonstrationcited by 3
  12. 2025Differentiable High-Performance Ray Tracing-Based Simulation of Radio Propagation with Point Cloudscited by 3
14 more
  1. 2024Spatio-Temporal 3D Point Clouds from WiFi-CSI Data via Transformer Networkscited by 2
  2. 2025Digital Twin-Assisted Explainable AI for Robust Beam Prediction in mmWave MIMO Systemscited by 2
  3. 2023A Low-Overhead Incorporation-Extrapolation based Few-Shot CSI Feedback Framework for Massive MIMO Systemscited by 1
  4. 2025AIRMap: AI-Generated Radio Maps for Wireless Digital Twinscited by 1
  5. 2025Stackelberg Game Based Performance Optimization in Digital Twin Assisted Federated Learning over NOMA Networkscited by 0
  6. 2025Digital Twin Enabled Site Specific Channel Precoding: Over the Air CIR Inferencecited by 0
  7. 2025Efficient Beam Selection for ISAC in Cell-Free Massive MIMO via Digital Twin-Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  8. 2025Photon Splatting: A Physics-Guided Neural Surrogate for Real-Time Wireless Channel Predictioncited by 0
  9. 2026MapViT: A Two-Stage ViT-Based Framework for Real-Time Radio Quality Map Prediction in Dynamic Environmentscited by 0
  10. 2026A Survey on Semantic Communication for Vision: Categories, Frameworks, Enabling Techniques, and Applicationscited by 0
  11. 2026Optimizing Reinforcement Learning Training over Digital Twin Enabled Multi-fidelity Networkscited by 0
  12. 2026TWIST: Closed-Loop token Synchronization for Application-Aware Wireless Digital Twinscited by 0
  13. 2026KODAMA: Multimodal Digital Twin Reconstruction for Urban RF Propagation Modellingcited by 0
  14. 2026Geometry-Aided Channel Deduction with Partial Channel Estimates and Uncalibrated Digital Twincited by 0