mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Which Model Shall I Choose? Cost/Quality Trade-offs for Text Classification Tasks

arXiv 2301.07006 ↗First posted 17 Jan 2023cs.CLcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

Industry practitioners always face the problem of choosing the appropriate model for deployment under different considerations, such as to maximize a metric that is crucial for production, or to reduce the total cost given financial concerns. In this work, we focus on the text classification task and present a quantitative analysis for this challenge. Using classification accuracy as the main metric, we evaluate the classifiers' performances for a variety of models, including large language models, along with their associated costs, including the annotation cost, training (fine-tuning) cost, and inference cost. We then discuss the model choices for situations like having a large number of samples needed for inference. We hope our work will help people better understand the cost/quality trade-offs for the text classification task.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2023.

Builds on

12 of 16 references.

References · 12

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  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  4. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
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  9. 2020The Cost of Training NLP Models: A Concise Overviewcited by 97
  10. 2020A Survey on Text Classification: From Shallow to Deep Learningcited by 80
  11. 2021How to Train BERT with an Academic Budgetcited by 80
  12. 2021Pre-train or Annotate? Domain Adaptation with a Constrained Budgetcited by 27

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3.

4 papers.