BLIND: Bias Removal With No Demographics
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Abstract (arXiv)
Models trained on real-world data tend to imitate and amplify social biases. Common methods to mitigate biases require prior information on the types of biases that should be mitigated (e.g., gender or racial bias) and the social groups associated with each data sample. In this work, we introduce BLIND, a method for bias removal with no prior knowledge of the demographics in the dataset. While training a model on a downstream task, BLIND detects biased samples using an auxiliary model that predicts the main model's success, and down-weights those samples during the training process. Experiments with racial and gender biases in sentiment classification and occupation classification tasks demonstrate that BLIND mitigates social biases without relying on a costly demographic annotation process. Our method is competitive with other methods that require demographic information and sometimes even surpasses them.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Dec 2022.
Builds on
35 of 51 references.
References · 35
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- 2018Mitigating Unwanted Biases with Adversarial Learningcited by 663
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- 2021Just Train Twice: Improving Group Robustness without Training Group Informationcited by 522
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23 more
- 2018Fairness Without Demographics in Repeated Loss Minimizationcited by 363
- 2019Bias in Bios: A Case Study of Semantic Representation Bias in a High-Stakes Settingcited by 346
- 2020Fairness without Demographics through Adversarially Reweighted Learningcited by 251
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- 2019It's All in the Name: Mitigating Gender Bias with Name-Based Counterfactual Data Substitutioncited by 102
- 2020FairBatch: Batch Selection for Model Fairnesscited by 99
- 2022Linear Adversarial Concept Erasurecited by 98
- 2021Competency Problems: On Finding and Removing Artifacts in Language Datacited by 91
- 2020Learning from others' mistakes: Avoiding dataset biases without modeling themcited by 83
- 2021Diverse Adversaries for Mitigating Bias in Trainingcited by 48
- 2022PERFECT: Prompt-free and Efficient Few-shot Learning with Language Modelscited by 40
- 2021Balancing out Bias: Achieving Fairness Through Balanced Trainingcited by 34
- 2022Choose Your Lenses: Flaws in Gender Bias Evaluationcited by 29
- 2019Adversarial Regularization for Visual Question Answering: Strengths, Shortcomings, and Side Effectscited by 25
- 2022Optimising Equal Opportunity Fairness in Model Trainingcited by 22
- 2021Debiasing Methods in Natural Language Understanding Make Bias More Accessiblecited by 17
- 2022How Gender Debiasing Affects Internal Model Representations, and Why It Matterscited by 12
- 2022Using Focal Loss to Fight Shallow Heuristics: An Empirical Analysis of Modulated Cross-Entropy in Natural Language Inferencecited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 2.
22 papers.
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- 2023Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 626
- 2024Sparse Feature Circuits: Discovering and Editing Interpretable Causal Graphs in Language Modelscited by 412
- 2023A Survey on Fairness in Large Language Modelscited by 91
- 2023Sociodemographic Bias in Language Models: A Survey and Forward Pathcited by 27
- 2024Deconstructing The Ethics of Large Language Models from Long-standing Issues to New-emerging Dilemmas: A Surveycited by 23
- 2024LLM Whisperer: An Inconspicuous Attack to Bias LLM Responsescited by 15
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Gender Bias in LLMs via Interpretable Neuron Editingcited by 14
- 2023Tackling Bias in Pre-trained Language Models: Current Trends and Under-represented Societiescited by 11
- 2023On the Interplay between Fairness and Explainabilitycited by 7
- 2024Why Don't Prompt-Based Fairness Metrics Correlate?cited by 4
- 2025Attention Pruning: Automated Fairness Repair of Language Models via Surrogate Simulated Annealingcited by 4
- 2025EMO-Debias: Benchmarking Gender Debiasing Techniques in Multi-Label Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
10 more
- 2024Bias Neutralization Framework: Measuring Fairness in Large Language Models with Bias Intelligence Quotient (BiQ)cited by 1
- 2025CO-VADA: A Confidence-Oriented Voice Augmentation Debiasing Approach for Fair Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025Iterative Multilingual Spectral Attribute Erasurecited by 1
- 2023Transferring Fairness using Multi-Task Learning with Limited Demographic Informationcited by 0
- 2024Fantastic Biases (What are They) and Where to Find Themcited by 0
- 2025DeCAP: Context-Adaptive Prompt Generation for Debiasing Zero-shot Question Answering in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025FairLangProc: A Python package for fairness in NLPcited by 0
- 2025Fair-GPTQ: Bias-Aware Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Debiasing Without Protected Attributes: Latent Concept Erasure from Textual Profilescited by 0
- 2026Large Language Models Systematically Favor Popular Options: Evidence and Mitigation Across MCQscited by 0
- 2026Large Language Models Systematically Favor Popular Options: Evidence and Mitigation Across MCQs29 Aug 2026
- 2026Debiasing Without Protected Attributes: Latent Concept Erasure from Textual Profiles10 Jun 2026
- 2025Fair-GPTQ: Bias-Aware Quantization for Large Language Models18 Sep 2025
- 2025FairLangProc: A Python package for fairness in NLP5 Aug 2025
- 2025Iterative Multilingual Spectral Attribute Erasure12 Jun 2025
- 2025CO-VADA: A Confidence-Oriented Voice Augmentation Debiasing Approach for Fair Speech Emotion Recognition6 Jun 2025
- 2025EMO-Debias: Benchmarking Gender Debiasing Techniques in Multi-Label Speech Emotion Recognition5 Jun 2025
- 2025DeCAP: Context-Adaptive Prompt Generation for Debiasing Zero-shot Question Answering in Large Language Models25 Mar 2025
- 2025Attention Pruning: Automated Fairness Repair of Language Models via Surrogate Simulated Annealing20 Mar 2025
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Gender Bias in LLMs via Interpretable Neuron Editing24 Jan 2025
- 2024Fantastic Biases (What are They) and Where to Find Them22 Nov 2024
- 2024Why Don't Prompt-Based Fairness Metrics Correlate?9 Jun 2024
10 more
- 2024Deconstructing The Ethics of Large Language Models from Long-standing Issues to New-emerging Dilemmas: A Survey8 Jun 2024
- 2024LLM Whisperer: An Inconspicuous Attack to Bias LLM Responses7 Jun 2024
- 2024Bias Neutralization Framework: Measuring Fairness in Large Language Models with Bias Intelligence Quotient (BiQ)28 Apr 2024
- 2024Sparse Feature Circuits: Discovering and Editing Interpretable Causal Graphs in Language Models28 Mar 2024
- 2023Tackling Bias in Pre-trained Language Models: Current Trends and Under-represented Societies3 Dec 2023
- 2023On the Interplay between Fairness and Explainability25 Oct 2023
- 2023Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey2 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey on Fairness in Large Language Models20 Aug 2023
- 2023Sociodemographic Bias in Language Models: A Survey and Forward Path13 Jun 2023
- 2023Transferring Fairness using Multi-Task Learning with Limited Demographic Information22 May 2023
- 2023Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 626
- 2024Sparse Feature Circuits: Discovering and Editing Interpretable Causal Graphs in Language Modelscited by 412
- 2023A Survey on Fairness in Large Language Modelscited by 91
- 2023Sociodemographic Bias in Language Models: A Survey and Forward Pathcited by 27
- 2024Deconstructing The Ethics of Large Language Models from Long-standing Issues to New-emerging Dilemmas: A Surveycited by 23
- 2024LLM Whisperer: An Inconspicuous Attack to Bias LLM Responsescited by 15
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Gender Bias in LLMs via Interpretable Neuron Editingcited by 14
- 2023Tackling Bias in Pre-trained Language Models: Current Trends and Under-represented Societiescited by 11
- 2023On the Interplay between Fairness and Explainabilitycited by 7
- 2024Why Don't Prompt-Based Fairness Metrics Correlate?cited by 4
- 2025Attention Pruning: Automated Fairness Repair of Language Models via Surrogate Simulated Annealingcited by 4
- 2025EMO-Debias: Benchmarking Gender Debiasing Techniques in Multi-Label Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026Large Language Models Systematically Favor Popular Options: Evidence and Mitigation Across MCQs29 Aug 2026
- 2026Debiasing Without Protected Attributes: Latent Concept Erasure from Textual Profiles10 Jun 2026
- 2025Fair-GPTQ: Bias-Aware Quantization for Large Language Models18 Sep 2025
- 2025FairLangProc: A Python package for fairness in NLP5 Aug 2025
- 2025Iterative Multilingual Spectral Attribute Erasure12 Jun 2025
- 2025CO-VADA: A Confidence-Oriented Voice Augmentation Debiasing Approach for Fair Speech Emotion Recognition6 Jun 2025
- 2025EMO-Debias: Benchmarking Gender Debiasing Techniques in Multi-Label Speech Emotion Recognition5 Jun 2025
- 2025DeCAP: Context-Adaptive Prompt Generation for Debiasing Zero-shot Question Answering in Large Language Models25 Mar 2025
- 2025Attention Pruning: Automated Fairness Repair of Language Models via Surrogate Simulated Annealing20 Mar 2025
- 2025Understanding and Mitigating Gender Bias in LLMs via Interpretable Neuron Editing24 Jan 2025
- 2024Fantastic Biases (What are They) and Where to Find Them22 Nov 2024
- 2024Why Don't Prompt-Based Fairness Metrics Correlate?9 Jun 2024
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)