Cross Aggregation Transformer for Image Restoration
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, Transformer architecture has been introduced into image restoration to replace convolution neural network (CNN) with surprising results. Considering the high computational complexity of Transformer with global attention, some methods use the local square window to limit the scope of self-attention. However, these methods lack direct interaction among different windows, which limits the establishment of long-range dependencies. To address the above issue, we propose a new image restoration model, Cross Aggregation Transformer (CAT). The core of our CAT is the Rectangle-Window Self-Attention (Rwin-SA), which utilizes horizontal and vertical rectangle window attention in different heads parallelly to expand the attention area and aggregate the features cross different windows. We also introduce the Axial-Shift operation for different window interactions. Furthermore, we propose the Locality Complementary Module to complement the self-attention mechanism, which incorporates the inductive bias of CNN (e.g., translation invariance and locality) into Transformer, enabling global-local coupling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our CAT outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods on several image restoration applications. The code and models are available at https://github.com/zhengchen1999/CAT.
Key facts. Cited by 92 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2022.
Builds on
36 of 55 references.
References · 36
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24 more
- 2016Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 1,204
- 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 893
- 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 866
- 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 816
- 2021Twins: Revisiting the Design of Spatial Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 565
- 2021CSWin Transformer: A General Vision Transformer Backbone with Cross-Shaped Windowscited by 527
- 2020Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Priorcited by 470
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- 2020Single Image Super-Resolution via a Holistic Attention Networkcited by 265
- 2021Incorporating Convolution Designs into Visual Transformerscited by 248
- 2019Residual Non-local Attention Networks for Image Restorationcited by 236
- 2020CycleISP: Real Image Restoration via Improved Data Synthesiscited by 213
- 2017Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographscited by 209
- 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Restorationcited by 181
- 2022Learning Enriched Features for Fast Image Restoration and Enhancementcited by 150
- 2021CrossFormer: A Versatile Vision Transformer Hinging on Cross-scale Attentioncited by 139
- 2015Compression Artifacts Reduction by a Deep Convolutional Networkcited by 136
- 2020Dual Adversarial Network: Toward Real-world Noise Removal and Noise Generationcited by 101
- 2020Cross-Scale Internal Graph Neural Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 94
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- 2021Reflash Dropout in Image Super-Resolutioncited by 41
- 2021Attention in Attention Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 20
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 17; 2024: 39; 2025: 22; 2026: 14.
92 papers.
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- 2023Dual Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 124
- 2024MambaIRv2: Attentive State Space Restorationcited by 94
- 2024Complexity Experts are Task-Discriminative Learners for Any Image Restorationcited by 77
- 2024Transcending the Limit of Local Window: Advanced Super-Resolution Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionarycited by 64
- 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
- 2024DRCT: Saving Image Super-resolution away from Information Bottleneckcited by 40
- 2024NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Image Super-Resolution (x4): Methods and Resultscited by 40
- 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
- 2023Recursive Generalization Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 29
- 2025Progressive Focused Transformer for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 25
- 2023ESSAformer: Efficient Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Super-resolutioncited by 23
- 2023Image Super-Resolution with Text Prompt Diffusioncited by 23
38 more
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- 2024Unleashing the Power of One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution via a Large-Scale Diffusion Discriminatorcited by 19
- 2024Dropout the High-rate Downsampling: A Novel Design Paradigm for UHD Image Restorationcited by 19
- 2024Seeing the Unseen: A Frequency Prompt Guided Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 18
- 2024Binarized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
- 2024CascadedGaze: Efficiency in Global Context Extraction for Image Restorationcited by 16
- 2025CATANet: Efficient Content-Aware Token Aggregation for Lightweight Image Super-Resolutioncited by 16
- 2023Networks are Slacking Off: Understanding Generalization Problem in Image Derainingcited by 14
- 2024Sharing Key Semantics in Transformer Makes Efficient Image Restorationcited by 14
- 20242DQuant: Low-bit Post-Training Quantization for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 14
- 2024Transforming Image Super-Resolution: A ConvFormer-based Efficient Approachcited by 13
- 2024HAIR: Hypernetworks-based All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 12
- 2023WM-MoE: Weather-aware Multi-scale Mixture-of-Experts for Blind Adverse Weather Removalcited by 11
- 2024Efficient Degradation-aware Any Image Restorationcited by 11
- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Quality Assessment and Enhancement: KwaiSR Dataset and Studycited by 11
- 2023Exploring Frequency-Inspired Optimization in Transformer for Efficient Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
- 2023Cross-Scope Spatial-Spectral Information Aggregation for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
- 2024Training Transformer Models by Wavelet Losses Improves Quantitative and Visual Performance in Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
- 2023A Dive into SAM Prior in Image Restorationcited by 9
- 2024PassionSR: Post-Training Quantization with Adaptive Scale in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 9
- 2024Serpent: Scalable and Efficient Image Restoration via Multi-scale Structured State Space Modelscited by 7
- 2024IPT-V2: Efficient Image Processing Transformer using Hierarchical Attentionscited by 7
- 2025DSwinIR: Rethinking Window-based Attention for Image Restorationcited by 7
- 2023Reciprocal Attention Mixing Transformer for Lightweight Image Restorationcited by 6
- 2024Geometric Distortion Guided Transformer for Omnidirectional Image Super-Resolutioncited by 6
- 2024Dynamic Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Image Restorationcited by 6
- 2024Channel-Partitioned Windowed Attention And Frequency Learning for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 5
- 2025BiMaCoSR: Binary One-Step Diffusion Model Leveraging Flexible Matrix Compression for Real Super-Resolutioncited by 5
- 2025Emulating Self-attention with Convolution for Efficient Image Super-Resolutioncited by 5
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoisingcited by 5
- 2024Chain-of-Restoration: Multi-Task Image Restoration Models are Zero-Shot Step-by-Step Universal Image Restorerscited by 4
- 2025Revisiting the Generalization Problem of Low-level Vision Models Through the Lens of Image Derainingcited by 4
- 2025CondiQuant: Condition Number Based Low-Bit Quantization for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 4
- 2023ZS-SRT: An Efficient Zero-Shot Super-Resolution Training Method for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 3
- 2024Key-Graph Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 3
- 2024LIPT: Latency-aware Image Processing Transformercited by 3
- 2024Beyond Image Prior: Embedding Noise Prior into Conditional Denoising Transformercited by 3
- 2024CasDyF-Net: Image Dehazing via Cascaded Dynamic Filterscited by 3
50 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)
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- 2026LaST-SR: Laplace-Inspired Steady-Transient Complex-Frequency Decomposition for Single Image Super-Resolution2 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Uniform Restoration: Empowering All-in-One Restoration with Pixel-Level Multimodal Guidance10 Aug 2026
- 2026Clarity Contrast and Similarity Selection for Multi-Focus Image Fusion4 Aug 2026
- 2026CoRE-UIR: Prior-guided common and residual experts for efficient all-in-one remote sensing image restoration30 Jul 2026
- 2026Linear Recurrent Unit with Semantic Modulation for Image Super-Resolution18 Jun 2026
- 2026Continuous Expert Assembly: Instance-Conditioned Low-Rank Residuals for All-in-One Image Restoration7 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026SAT: Selective Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolution9 Apr 2026
- 2026Rank-Factorized Implicit Neural Bias: Scaling Super-Resolution Transformer with FlashAttention6 Mar 2026
- 2026ATD: Improved Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionary for Image Restoration3 Mar 2026
- 2026Exploring Spatiotemporal Feature Propagation for Video-Level Compressive Spectral Reconstruction: Dataset, Model and Benchmark28 Feb 2026
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- 2026RPT-SR: Regional Prior attention Transformer for infrared image Super-Resolution17 Feb 2026
- 2026From Local Windows to Adaptive Candidates via Individualized Exploratory: Rethinking Attention for Image Super-Resolution13 Jan 2026
- 2025Multi-level distortion-aware deformable network for omnidirectional image super-resolution19 Dec 2025
- 2025HIMOSA: Efficient Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution with Hierarchical Mixture of Sparse Attention29 Nov 2025
- 2025HarmoQ: Harmonized Post-Training Quantization for High-Fidelity Image8 Nov 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Empowered Super-Resolution: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospects19 Sep 2025
- 2025Fourier-Guided Attention Upsampling for Image Super-Resolution14 Aug 2025
- 2025Atmos-Bench: 3D Atmospheric Structures for Climate Insight15 Jul 2025
- 2025ControlMambaIR: Conditional Controls with State-Space Model for Image Restoration3 Jun 2025
- 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Quality Assessment and Enhancement: KwaiSR Dataset and Study21 Apr 2025
- 2025Any Image Restoration via Efficient Spatial-Frequency Degradation Adaptation19 Apr 2025
- 2025DSwinIR: Rethinking Window-based Attention for Image Restoration7 Apr 2025
- 2025A Lightweight Image Super-Resolution Transformer Trained on Low-Resolution Images Only30 Mar 2025
- 2025Progressive Focused Transformer for Single Image Super-Resolution26 Mar 2025
- 2025Fractal-IR: A Unified Framework for Efficient and Scalable Image Restoration22 Mar 2025
- 2025AdaptSR: Low-Rank Adaptation for Efficient and Scalable Real-World Super-Resolution10 Mar 2025
- 2025CATANet: Efficient Content-Aware Token Aggregation for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution10 Mar 2025
- 2025Emulating Self-attention with Convolution for Efficient Image Super-Resolution9 Mar 2025
- 2025QArtSR: Quantization via Reverse-Module and Timestep-Retraining in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution7 Mar 2025
- 2025Volume Tells: Dual Cycle-Consistent Diffusion for 3D Fluorescence Microscopy De-noising and Super-Resolution4 Mar 2025
- 2025CondiQuant: Condition Number Based Low-Bit Quantization for Image Super-Resolution21 Feb 2025
- 2025Revisiting the Generalization Problem of Low-level Vision Models Through the Lens of Image Deraining18 Feb 2025
- 2025BiMaCoSR: Binary One-Step Diffusion Model Leveraging Flexible Matrix Compression for Real Super-Resolution1 Feb 2025
- 2025Contrast: A Hybrid Architecture of Transformers and State Space Models for Low-Level Vision23 Jan 2025
- 2024Dynamic Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Image Restoration12 Dec 2024
- 2024A Progressive Image Restoration Network for High-order Degradation Imaging in Remote Sensing10 Dec 2024
- 2024Hierarchical Information Flow for Generalized Efficient Image Restoration27 Nov 2024
- 2024Complexity Experts are Task-Discriminative Learners for Any Image Restoration27 Nov 2024
- 2024HAAT: Hybrid Attention Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolution27 Nov 2024
- 2024PassionSR: Post-Training Quantization with Adaptive Scale in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution26 Nov 2024
- 2024MambaIRv2: Attentive State Space Restoration22 Nov 2024
- 2024Dropout the High-rate Downsampling: A Novel Design Paradigm for UHD Image Restoration10 Nov 2024
- 2024FIPER: Factorized Features for Robust Image Super-Resolution and Compression23 Oct 2024
- 2024Chain-of-Restoration: Multi-Task Image Restoration Models are Zero-Shot Step-by-Step Universal Image Restorers11 Oct 2024
- 2024Unleashing the Power of One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution via a Large-Scale Diffusion Discriminator5 Oct 2024
- 2024SL2A-INR: Single-Layer Learnable Activation for Implicit Neural Representation17 Sep 2024
- 2024CasDyF-Net: Image Dehazing via Cascaded Dynamic Filters13 Sep 2024
- 2024Power Line Aerial Image Restoration under dverse Weather: Datasets and Baselines7 Sep 2024
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- 2024Unleashing the Power of One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution via a Large-Scale Diffusion Discriminatorcited by 19
- 2024Binarized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
- 2024PassionSR: Post-Training Quantization with Adaptive Scale in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 9
- 2025BiMaCoSR: Binary One-Step Diffusion Model Leveraging Flexible Matrix Compression for Real Super-Resolutioncited by 5
- 2025QArtSR: Quantization via Reverse-Module and Timestep-Retraining in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0
- 2025ControlMambaIR: Conditional Controls with State-Space Model for Image Restorationcited by 0
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- 2025QArtSR: Quantization via Reverse-Module and Timestep-Retraining in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution7 Mar 2025
- 2025BiMaCoSR: Binary One-Step Diffusion Model Leveraging Flexible Matrix Compression for Real Super-Resolution1 Feb 2025
- 2024PassionSR: Post-Training Quantization with Adaptive Scale in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution26 Nov 2024
- 2024Unleashing the Power of One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution via a Large-Scale Diffusion Discriminator5 Oct 2024
- 2024Binarized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolution9 Jun 2024
- 2023Dual Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 124
- 2024Transcending the Limit of Local Window: Advanced Super-Resolution Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionarycited by 64
- 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
- 2024DRCT: Saving Image Super-resolution away from Information Bottleneckcited by 40
- 2024NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Image Super-Resolution (x4): Methods and Resultscited by 40
- 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
- 2023Recursive Generalization Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 29
- 2025Progressive Focused Transformer for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 25
- 2023ESSAformer: Efficient Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Super-resolutioncited by 23
- 2023Image Super-Resolution with Text Prompt Diffusioncited by 23
- 2023Crafting Training Degradation Distribution for the Accuracy-Generalization Trade-off in Real-World Super-Resolutioncited by 21
- 2024Dropout the High-rate Downsampling: A Novel Design Paradigm for UHD Image Restorationcited by 19
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- 2026Beyond Uniform Restoration: Empowering All-in-One Restoration with Pixel-Level Multimodal Guidance10 Aug 2026
- 2026Clarity Contrast and Similarity Selection for Multi-Focus Image Fusion4 Aug 2026
- 2026CoRE-UIR: Prior-guided common and residual experts for efficient all-in-one remote sensing image restoration30 Jul 2026
- 2026Linear Recurrent Unit with Semantic Modulation for Image Super-Resolution18 Jun 2026
- 2026Continuous Expert Assembly: Instance-Conditioned Low-Rank Residuals for All-in-One Image Restoration7 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoising13 Apr 2026
- 2026SAT: Selective Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolution9 Apr 2026
- 2026Rank-Factorized Implicit Neural Bias: Scaling Super-Resolution Transformer with FlashAttention6 Mar 2026
- 2026ATD: Improved Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionary for Image Restoration3 Mar 2026
- 2026Exploring Spatiotemporal Feature Propagation for Video-Level Compressive Spectral Reconstruction: Dataset, Model and Benchmark28 Feb 2026
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