mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Cross Aggregation Transformer for Image Restoration

arXiv 2211.13654 ↗First posted 24 Nov 2022cs.CVcited by 92

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, Transformer architecture has been introduced into image restoration to replace convolution neural network (CNN) with surprising results. Considering the high computational complexity of Transformer with global attention, some methods use the local square window to limit the scope of self-attention. However, these methods lack direct interaction among different windows, which limits the establishment of long-range dependencies. To address the above issue, we propose a new image restoration model, Cross Aggregation Transformer (CAT). The core of our CAT is the Rectangle-Window Self-Attention (Rwin-SA), which utilizes horizontal and vertical rectangle window attention in different heads parallelly to expand the attention area and aggregate the features cross different windows. We also introduce the Axial-Shift operation for different window interactions. Furthermore, we propose the Locality Complementary Module to complement the self-attention mechanism, which incorporates the inductive bias of CNN (e.g., translation invariance and locality) into Transformer, enabling global-local coupling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our CAT outperforms recent state-of-the-art methods on several image restoration applications. The code and models are available at https://github.com/zhengchen1999/CAT.

Key facts. Cited by 92 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Nov 2022.

Builds on

36 of 55 references.

References · 36

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  5. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,139
  6. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
  7. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 5,045
  8. 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,887
  9. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,627
  10. 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,552
  11. 2016Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoisingcited by 1,358
  12. 2018Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Residual Channel Attention Networkscited by 1,264
24 more
  1. 2016Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 1,204
  2. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 893
  3. 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 866
  4. 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 816
  5. 2021Twins: Revisiting the Design of Spatial Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 565
  6. 2021CSWin Transformer: A General Vision Transformer Backbone with Cross-Shaped Windowscited by 527
  7. 2020Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Priorcited by 470
  8. 2021Conditional Positional Encodings for Vision Transformerscited by 406
  9. 2015Sketch-based Manga Retrieval using Manga109 Datasetcited by 329
  10. 2021Focal Self-attention for Local-Global Interactions in Vision Transformerscited by 288
  11. 2020Single Image Super-Resolution via a Holistic Attention Networkcited by 265
  12. 2021Incorporating Convolution Designs into Visual Transformerscited by 248
  13. 2019Residual Non-local Attention Networks for Image Restorationcited by 236
  14. 2020CycleISP: Real Image Restoration via Improved Data Synthesiscited by 213
  15. 2017Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographscited by 209
  16. 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Restorationcited by 181
  17. 2022Learning Enriched Features for Fast Image Restoration and Enhancementcited by 150
  18. 2021CrossFormer: A Versatile Vision Transformer Hinging on Cross-scale Attentioncited by 139
  19. 2015Compression Artifacts Reduction by a Deep Convolutional Networkcited by 136
  20. 2020Dual Adversarial Network: Toward Real-world Noise Removal and Noise Generationcited by 101
  21. 2020Cross-Scale Internal Graph Neural Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 94
  22. 2022Blueprint Separable Residual Network for Efficient Image Super-Resolutioncited by 44
  23. 2021Reflash Dropout in Image Super-Resolutioncited by 41
  24. 2021Attention in Attention Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 20

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 17; 2024: 39; 2025: 22; 2026: 14.

92 papers.

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  1. 2023Dual Aggregation Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 124
  2. 2024MambaIRv2: Attentive State Space Restorationcited by 94
  3. 2024Complexity Experts are Task-Discriminative Learners for Any Image Restorationcited by 77
  4. 2024Transcending the Limit of Local Window: Advanced Super-Resolution Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionarycited by 64
  5. 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
  6. 2024DRCT: Saving Image Super-resolution away from Information Bottleneckcited by 40
  7. 2024NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Image Super-Resolution (x4): Methods and Resultscited by 40
  8. 2024A Survey of Camouflaged Object Detection and Beyondcited by 37
  9. 2023Recursive Generalization Transformer for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 29
  10. 2025Progressive Focused Transformer for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 25
  11. 2023ESSAformer: Efficient Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Super-resolutioncited by 23
  12. 2023Image Super-Resolution with Text Prompt Diffusioncited by 23
38 more
  1. 2023Crafting Training Degradation Distribution for the Accuracy-Generalization Trade-off in Real-World Super-Resolutioncited by 21
  2. 2024Unleashing the Power of One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolution via a Large-Scale Diffusion Discriminatorcited by 19
  3. 2024Dropout the High-rate Downsampling: A Novel Design Paradigm for UHD Image Restorationcited by 19
  4. 2024Seeing the Unseen: A Frequency Prompt Guided Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 18
  5. 2024Binarized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 18
  6. 2024CascadedGaze: Efficiency in Global Context Extraction for Image Restorationcited by 16
  7. 2025CATANet: Efficient Content-Aware Token Aggregation for Lightweight Image Super-Resolutioncited by 16
  8. 2023Networks are Slacking Off: Understanding Generalization Problem in Image Derainingcited by 14
  9. 2024Sharing Key Semantics in Transformer Makes Efficient Image Restorationcited by 14
  10. 20242DQuant: Low-bit Post-Training Quantization for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 14
  11. 2024Transforming Image Super-Resolution: A ConvFormer-based Efficient Approachcited by 13
  12. 2024HAIR: Hypernetworks-based All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 12
  13. 2023WM-MoE: Weather-aware Multi-scale Mixture-of-Experts for Blind Adverse Weather Removalcited by 11
  14. 2024Efficient Degradation-aware Any Image Restorationcited by 11
  15. 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Quality Assessment and Enhancement: KwaiSR Dataset and Studycited by 11
  16. 2023Exploring Frequency-Inspired Optimization in Transformer for Efficient Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
  17. 2023Cross-Scope Spatial-Spectral Information Aggregation for Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
  18. 2024Training Transformer Models by Wavelet Losses Improves Quantitative and Visual Performance in Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 10
  19. 2023A Dive into SAM Prior in Image Restorationcited by 9
  20. 2024PassionSR: Post-Training Quantization with Adaptive Scale in One-Step Diffusion based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 9
  21. 2024Serpent: Scalable and Efficient Image Restoration via Multi-scale Structured State Space Modelscited by 7
  22. 2024IPT-V2: Efficient Image Processing Transformer using Hierarchical Attentionscited by 7
  23. 2025DSwinIR: Rethinking Window-based Attention for Image Restorationcited by 7
  24. 2023Reciprocal Attention Mixing Transformer for Lightweight Image Restorationcited by 6
  25. 2024Geometric Distortion Guided Transformer for Omnidirectional Image Super-Resolutioncited by 6
  26. 2024Dynamic Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Image Restorationcited by 6
  27. 2024Channel-Partitioned Windowed Attention And Frequency Learning for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 5
  28. 2025BiMaCoSR: Binary One-Step Diffusion Model Leveraging Flexible Matrix Compression for Real Super-Resolutioncited by 5
  29. 2025Emulating Self-attention with Convolution for Efficient Image Super-Resolutioncited by 5
  30. 2026Beyond Model Design: Data-Centric Training and Self-Ensemble for Gaussian Color Image Denoisingcited by 5
  31. 2024Chain-of-Restoration: Multi-Task Image Restoration Models are Zero-Shot Step-by-Step Universal Image Restorerscited by 4
  32. 2025Revisiting the Generalization Problem of Low-level Vision Models Through the Lens of Image Derainingcited by 4
  33. 2025CondiQuant: Condition Number Based Low-Bit Quantization for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 4
  34. 2023ZS-SRT: An Efficient Zero-Shot Super-Resolution Training Method for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 3
  35. 2024Key-Graph Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 3
  36. 2024LIPT: Latency-aware Image Processing Transformercited by 3
  37. 2024Beyond Image Prior: Embedding Noise Prior into Conditional Denoising Transformercited by 3
  38. 2024CasDyF-Net: Image Dehazing via Cascaded Dynamic Filterscited by 3

50 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)