An Algorithm for Routing Vectors in Sequences
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a routing algorithm that takes a sequence of vectors and computes a new sequence with specified length and vector size. Each output vector maximizes "bang per bit," the difference between a net benefit to use and net cost to ignore data, by better predicting the input vectors. We describe output vectors as geometric objects, as latent variables that assign credit, as query states in a model of associative memory, and as agents in a model of a Society of Mind. We implement the algorithm with optimizations that reduce parameter count, computation, and memory use by orders of magnitude, enabling us to route sequences of greater length than previously possible. We evaluate our implementation on natural language and visual classification tasks, obtaining competitive or state-of-the-art accuracy and end-to-end credit assignments that are interpretable.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2022.
Builds on
14 of 19 references.
References · 14
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,488
- 2021BEiT: BERT Pre-Training of Image Transformerscited by 2,360
- 2017Dynamic Routing Between Capsulescited by 689
- 2019Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 603
- 2020Hopfield Networks is All You Needcited by 461
- 2020Large Associative Memory Problem in Neurobiology and Machine Learningcited by 110
- 2019DeepCaps: Going Deeper with Capsule Networkscited by 42
- 2019Capsule Routing via Variational Bayescited by 32
- 2020Capsules with Inverted Dot-Product Attention Routingcited by 25
- 2019Dynamic Layer Aggregation for Neural Machine Translation with Routing-by-Agreementcited by 11
2 more
- 2018Fast Dynamic Routing Based on Weighted Kernel Density Estimationcited by 8
- 2019An Algorithm for Routing Capsules in All Domainscited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2023When does In-context Learning Fall Short and Why? A Study on Specification-Heavy Taskscited by 37
- 2023Informed Named Entity Recognition Decoding for Generative Language Modelscited by 6
- 2024LlamBERT: Large-scale low-cost data annotation in NLPcited by 3
- 2023ElegansNet: a brief scientific report and initial experimentscited by 0
- 2025Re-Representation in Sentential Relation Extraction with Sequence Routing Algorithmcited by 0
- 2025Multi-refined Feature Enhanced Sentiment Analysis Using Contextual Instructioncited by 0
- 2026The Association of Transformer-based Sentiment Analysis with Symptom Distress and Deterioration in Routine Psychotherapy Carecited by 0
- 2026The Association of Transformer-based Sentiment Analysis with Symptom Distress and Deterioration in Routine Psychotherapy Care11 May 2026
- 2025Multi-refined Feature Enhanced Sentiment Analysis Using Contextual Instruction1 Nov 2025
- 2025Re-Representation in Sentential Relation Extraction with Sequence Routing Algorithm28 Aug 2025
- 2024LlamBERT: Large-scale low-cost data annotation in NLP23 Mar 2024
- 2023When does In-context Learning Fall Short and Why? A Study on Specification-Heavy Tasks15 Nov 2023
- 2023Informed Named Entity Recognition Decoding for Generative Language Models15 Aug 2023
- 2023ElegansNet: a brief scientific report and initial experiments6 Apr 2023