Im2Oil: Stroke-Based Oil Painting Rendering with Linearly Controllable Fineness Via Adaptive Sampling
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper proposes a novel stroke-based rendering (SBR) method that translates images into vivid oil paintings. Previous SBR techniques usually formulate the oil painting problem as pixel-wise approximation. Different from this technique route, we treat oil painting creation as an adaptive sampling problem. Firstly, we compute a probability density map based on the texture complexity of the input image. Then we use the Voronoi algorithm to sample a set of pixels as the stroke anchors. Next, we search and generate an individual oil stroke at each anchor. Finally, we place all the strokes on the canvas to obtain the oil painting. By adjusting the hyper-parameter maximum sampling probability, we can control the oil painting fineness in a linear manner. Comparison with existing state-of-the-art oil painting techniques shows that our results have higher fidelity and more realistic textures. A user opinion test demonstrates that people behave more preference toward our oil paintings than the results of other methods. More interesting results and the code are in https://github.com/TZYSJTU/Im2Oil.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2022.
Builds on
7 of 63 references.
References · 7
- 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 2,010
- 2017A Neural Representation of Sketch Drawingscited by 313
- 2019Learning to Paint With Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 71
- 2021Paint Transformer: Feed Forward Neural Painting with Stroke Predictioncited by 62
- 2020Stylized Neural Paintingcited by 50
- 2021Rethinking Style Transfer: From Pixels to Parameterized Brushstrokescited by 42
- 2020Sketch Generation with Drawing Process Guided by Vector Flow and Grayscalecited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2023Stroke-based Neural Painting and Stylization with Dynamically Predicted Painting Regioncited by 14
- 2025ArtRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Structured Context for Visual Art Understandingcited by 7
- 2025Vectorized Region Based Brush Strokes for Artistic Renderingcited by 2
- 2023Optimal Image Transport on Sparse Dictionariescited by 1
- 2024Artificial Intelligence for Geometry-Based Feature Extraction, Analysis and Synthesis in Artistic Images: A Surveycited by 1
- 2026Look, Compare and Draw: Differential Query Transformer for Automatic Oil Paintingcited by 1
- 2024MambaPainter: Neural Stroke-Based Rendering in a Single Stepcited by 0
- 2025PaintFlow: A Unified Framework for Interactive Oil Paintings Editing and Generationcited by 0
- 2026Data-Efficient Brushstroke Generation with Diffusion Models for Oil Paintingcited by 0
- 2026Look, Compare and Draw: Differential Query Transformer for Automatic Oil Painting29 Mar 2026
- 2026Data-Efficient Brushstroke Generation with Diffusion Models for Oil Painting1 Mar 2026
- 2025PaintFlow: A Unified Framework for Interactive Oil Paintings Editing and Generation9 Dec 2025
- 2025Vectorized Region Based Brush Strokes for Artistic Rendering11 Jun 2025
- 2025ArtRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Structured Context for Visual Art Understanding9 May 2025
- 2024Artificial Intelligence for Geometry-Based Feature Extraction, Analysis and Synthesis in Artistic Images: A Survey2 Dec 2024
- 2024MambaPainter: Neural Stroke-Based Rendering in a Single Step16 Oct 2024
- 2023Optimal Image Transport on Sparse Dictionaries3 Nov 2023
- 2023Stroke-based Neural Painting and Stylization with Dynamically Predicted Painting Region7 Sep 2023