A framework for benchmarking clustering algorithms
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Abstract (arXiv)
The evaluation of clustering algorithms can involve running them on a variety of benchmark problems, and comparing their outputs to the reference, ground-truth groupings provided by experts. Unfortunately, many research papers and graduate theses consider only a small number of datasets. Also, the fact that there can be many equally valid ways to cluster a given problem set is rarely taken into account. In order to overcome these limitations, we have developed a framework whose aim is to introduce a consistent methodology for testing clustering algorithms. Furthermore, we have aggregated, polished, and standardised many clustering benchmark dataset collections referred to across the machine learning and data mining literature, and included new datasets of different dimensionalities, sizes, and cluster types. An interactive datasets explorer, the documentation of the Python API, a description of the ways to interact with the framework from other programming languages such as R or MATLAB, and other details are all provided at <https://clustering-benchmarks.gagolewski.com>.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2022.
Builds on
4 of 36 references.
References · 4
- 2022Are Cluster Validity Measures (In)valid?cited by 16
- 2021Validation of cluster analysis results on validation data: A systematic frameworkcited by 11
- 2022Genie: A new, fast, and outlier-resistant hierarchical clustering algorithmcited by 10
- 2022Normalised clustering accuracy: An asymmetric external cluster validity measurecited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 6.
15 papers.
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- 2023Clustering with minimum spanning trees: How good can it be?cited by 4
- 2024AuToMATo: An Out-Of-The-Box Persistence-Based Clustering Algorithmcited by 3
- 2024On the Use of Relative Validity Indices for Comparing Clustering Approachescited by 2
- 2024Feature graphs for interpretable unsupervised tree ensembles: centrality, interaction, and application in disease subtypingcited by 1
- 2024MNIST-Nd: a set of naturalistic datasets to benchmark clustering across dimensionscited by 1
- 2026Cluster Analysis with Resampling for Validation and Exploration (CARVE)cited by 1
- 2023Hierarchical clustering with OWA-based linkages, the Lance-Williams formula, and dendrogram inversionscited by 0
- 2023MMM and MMMSynth: Clustering of heterogeneous tabular data, and synthetic data generationcited by 0
- 2024Model-free Estimation of Latent Structure via Multiscale Nonparametric Maximum Likelihoodcited by 0
- 2025Local Cluster Cardinality Estimation for Adaptive Mean Shiftcited by 0
- 2026Khatri-Rao Clustering for Data Summarizationcited by 0
- 2026The Mass Agreement Score: A Point-centric Measure of Cluster Size Consistencycited by 0
- 2026G-NAC: Graph Neural Automata Clustering via Emergent Domain Formation21 Sep 2026
- 2026ClusBench: The Clustering Benchmark Data Resource You've All Been Waiting For (?)9 Jun 2026
- 2026Cluster Analysis with Resampling for Validation and Exploration (CARVE)29 May 2026
- 2026Lumbermark: Resistant Clustering by Chopping Up Mutual Reachability Minimum Spanning Trees8 Apr 2026
- 2026The Mass Agreement Score: A Point-centric Measure of Cluster Size Consistency24 Mar 2026
- 2026Khatri-Rao Clustering for Data Summarization17 Feb 2026
- 2025Local Cluster Cardinality Estimation for Adaptive Mean Shift17 Aug 2025
- 2024Model-free Estimation of Latent Structure via Multiscale Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood29 Oct 2024
- 2024MNIST-Nd: a set of naturalistic datasets to benchmark clustering across dimensions21 Oct 2024
- 2024AuToMATo: An Out-Of-The-Box Persistence-Based Clustering Algorithm13 Aug 2024
- 2024Feature graphs for interpretable unsupervised tree ensembles: centrality, interaction, and application in disease subtyping27 Apr 2024
- 2024On the Use of Relative Validity Indices for Comparing Clustering Approaches16 Apr 2024
3 more
- 2023Clustering with minimum spanning trees: How good can it be?cited by 4
- 2024AuToMATo: An Out-Of-The-Box Persistence-Based Clustering Algorithmcited by 3
- 2024On the Use of Relative Validity Indices for Comparing Clustering Approachescited by 2
- 2024Feature graphs for interpretable unsupervised tree ensembles: centrality, interaction, and application in disease subtypingcited by 1
- 2024MNIST-Nd: a set of naturalistic datasets to benchmark clustering across dimensionscited by 1
- 2026Cluster Analysis with Resampling for Validation and Exploration (CARVE)cited by 1
- 2023Hierarchical clustering with OWA-based linkages, the Lance-Williams formula, and dendrogram inversionscited by 0
- 2023MMM and MMMSynth: Clustering of heterogeneous tabular data, and synthetic data generationcited by 0
- 2024Model-free Estimation of Latent Structure via Multiscale Nonparametric Maximum Likelihoodcited by 0
- 2025Local Cluster Cardinality Estimation for Adaptive Mean Shiftcited by 0
- 2026Khatri-Rao Clustering for Data Summarizationcited by 0
- 2026The Mass Agreement Score: A Point-centric Measure of Cluster Size Consistencycited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026G-NAC: Graph Neural Automata Clustering via Emergent Domain Formation21 Sep 2026
- 2026ClusBench: The Clustering Benchmark Data Resource You've All Been Waiting For (?)9 Jun 2026
- 2026Cluster Analysis with Resampling for Validation and Exploration (CARVE)29 May 2026
- 2026Lumbermark: Resistant Clustering by Chopping Up Mutual Reachability Minimum Spanning Trees8 Apr 2026
- 2026The Mass Agreement Score: A Point-centric Measure of Cluster Size Consistency24 Mar 2026
- 2026Khatri-Rao Clustering for Data Summarization17 Feb 2026
- 2025Local Cluster Cardinality Estimation for Adaptive Mean Shift17 Aug 2025
- 2024Model-free Estimation of Latent Structure via Multiscale Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood29 Oct 2024
- 2024MNIST-Nd: a set of naturalistic datasets to benchmark clustering across dimensions21 Oct 2024
- 2024AuToMATo: An Out-Of-The-Box Persistence-Based Clustering Algorithm13 Aug 2024
- 2024Feature graphs for interpretable unsupervised tree ensembles: centrality, interaction, and application in disease subtyping27 Apr 2024
- 2024On the Use of Relative Validity Indices for Comparing Clustering Approaches16 Apr 2024
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)