mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Efficient Classification with Counterfactual Reasoning and Active Learning

arXiv 2207.12086 ↗First posted 25 Jul 2022cs.LG cs.AIcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Data augmentation is one of the most successful techniques to improve the classification accuracy of machine learning models in computer vision. However, applying data augmentation to tabular data is a challenging problem since it is hard to generate synthetic samples with labels. In this paper, we propose an efficient classifier with a novel data augmentation technique for tabular data. Our method called CCRAL combines causal reasoning to learn counterfactual samples for the original training samples and active learning to select useful counterfactual samples based on a region of uncertainty. By doing this, our method can maximize our model's generalization on the unseen testing data. We validate our method analytically, and compare with the standard baselines. Our experimental results highlight that CCRAL achieves significantly better performance than those of the baselines across several real-world tabular datasets in terms of accuracy and AUC. Data and source code are available at: https://github.com/nphdang/CCRAL.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jul 2022.

Builds on

18 of 45 references.

References · 18

  1. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,183
  2. 2017Improved Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks with Cutoutcited by 1,628
  3. 2017Deep Bayesian Active Learning with Image Datacited by 819
  4. 2019Explaining Machine Learning Classifiers through Diverse Counterfactual Explanationscited by 614
  5. 2019Learning the Difference that Makes a Difference with Counterfactually-Augmented Datacited by 439
  6. 2017Causal Effect Inference with Deep Latent-Variable Modelscited by 410
  7. 2021Polyjuice: Generating Counterfactuals for Explaining, Evaluating, and Improving Modelscited by 222
  8. 2018A comparative study of fairness-enhancing interventions in machine learningcited by 208
  9. 2018Adversarial Active Learning for Deep Networks: a Margin Based Approachcited by 158
  10. 2019It's All in the Name: Mitigating Gender Bias with Name-Based Counterfactual Data Substitutioncited by 103
  11. 2018Data augmentation instead of explicit regularizationcited by 63
  12. 2017From Parity to Preference-based Notions of Fairness in Classificationcited by 60
6 more
  1. 2018Data augmentation using synthetic data for time series classification with deep residual networkscited by 38
  2. 2016A Benchmark and Comparison of Active Learning for Logistic Regressioncited by 36
  3. 2021Towards Robust Classification Model by Counterfactual and Invariant Data Generationcited by 30
  4. 2019Bayesian Optimization for Categorical and Category-Specific Continuous Inputscited by 28
  5. 2015The Use of Machine Learning Algorithms in Recommender Systems: A Systematic Reviewcited by 27
  6. 2020Counterfactually-Augmented SNLI Training Data Does Not Yield Better Generalization Than Unaugmented Datacited by 27

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Iterative Counterfactual Data Augmentation
  2. 2026FlowCF: Sparse Counterfactual Explanations for Mixed-Type Tabular Data using Flow Matching
  3. 2025Tabular Diffusion Counterfactual Explanations
  4. 2023Counterfactual Collaborative Reasoning
  5. 2023Text-to-Image Models for Counterfactual Explanations: a Black-Box Approach
  6. 2024Exposing Image Classifier Shortcuts with Counterfactual Frequency (CoF) Tables
  7. 2025From Visual Explanations to Counterfactual Explanations with Latent Diffusion
  8. 2025Explaining Low Perception Model Competency with High-Competency Counterfactuals