Synergy and Symmetry in Deep Learning: Interactions between the Data, Model, and Inference Algorithm
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Although learning in high dimensions is commonly believed to suffer from the curse of dimensionality, modern machine learning methods often exhibit an astonishing power to tackle a wide range of challenging real-world learning problems without using abundant amounts of data. How exactly these methods break this curse remains a fundamental open question in the theory of deep learning. While previous efforts have investigated this question by studying the data (D), model (M), and inference algorithm (I) as independent modules, in this paper, we analyze the triplet (D, M, I) as an integrated system and identify important synergies that help mitigate the curse of dimensionality. We first study the basic symmetries associated with various learning algorithms (M, I), focusing on four prototypical architectures in deep learning: fully-connected networks (FCN), locally-connected networks (LCN), and convolutional networks with and without pooling (GAP/VEC). We find that learning is most efficient when these symmetries are compatible with those of the data distribution and that performance significantly deteriorates when any member of the (D, M, I) triplet is inconsistent or suboptimal.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 86 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2022.
Builds on
59 of 86 references.
References · 59
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
- 2022Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Modelscited by 2,927
- 2018Neural Tangent Kernel: Convergence and Generalization in Neural Networkscited by 2,597
- 2021MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Visioncited by 1,441
- 2018On the Spectral Bias of Neural Networkscited by 1,321
- 2016Group Equivariant Convolutional Networkscited by 1,154
- 2021Scaling Vision Transformerscited by 993
- 2018A Convergence Theory for Deep Learning via Over-Parameterizationcited by 784
38 more
- 2019Wide Neural Networks of Any Depth Evolve as Linear Models Under Gradient Descentcited by 732
- 2018On Lazy Training in Differentiable Programmingcited by 671
- 2017The Implicit Bias of Gradient Descent on Separable Datacited by 649
- 2017Deep Neural Networks as Gaussian Processescited by 617
- 2018Gradient Descent Finds Global Minima of Deep Neural Networkscited by 572
- 2019Fine-Grained Analysis of Optimization and Generalization for Overparameterized Two-Layer Neural Networkscited by 562
- 2018A Mean Field View of the Landscape of Two-Layers Neural Networkscited by 463
- 2018Measuring the Intrinsic Dimension of Objective Landscapescited by 364
- 2019Frequency Principle: Fourier Analysis Sheds Light on Deep Neural Networkscited by 360
- 2021Explaining Neural Scaling Lawscited by 353
- 2014Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality with Convex Neural Networkscited by 329
- 2017Implicit Regularization in Matrix Factorizationcited by 318
- 2018Gaussian Process Behaviour in Wide Deep Neural Networkscited by 314
- 2019Gradient Descent Maximizes the Margin of Homogeneous Neural Networkscited by 308
- 2021The Intrinsic Dimension of Images and Its Impact on Learningcited by 307
- 2020Implicit Bias of Gradient Descent for Wide Two-layer Neural Networks Trained with the Logistic Losscited by 267
- 2016Exponential expressivity in deep neural networks through transient chaoscited by 260
- 2019SGD on Neural Networks Learns Functions of Increasing Complexitycited by 203
- 2020Spectrum Dependent Learning Curves in Kernel Regression and Wide Neural Networkscited by 200
- 2016Deep Information Propagationcited by 194
- 2018Gradient descent aligns the layers of deep linear networkscited by 182
- 2020Feature Learning in Infinite-Width Neural Networkscited by 182
- 2018Dynamical Isometry and a Mean Field Theory of CNNs: How to Train 10,000-Layer Vanilla Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 176
- 2018Bayesian Deep Convolutional Networks with Many Channels are Gaussian Processescited by 164
- 2020Finite Versus Infinite Neural Networks: an Empirical Studycited by 156
- 2019Neural Tangents: Fast and Easy Infinite Neural Networks in Pythoncited by 149
- 2019Scaling Limits of Wide Neural Networks with Weight Sharing: Gaussian Process Behavior, Gradient Independence, and Neural Tangent Kernel Derivationcited by 146
- 2016Toward Deeper Understanding of Neural Networks: The Power of Initialization and a Dual View on Expressivitycited by 138
- 2018Deep Convolutional Networks as shallow Gaussian Processescited by 137
- 2020Infinite attention: NNGP and NTK for deep attention networkscited by 117
- 2020The Neural Tangent Kernel in High Dimensions: Triple Descent and a Multi-Scale Theory of Generalizationcited by 101
- 2017Implicit Regularization in Deep Learningcited by 90
- 2021Learning with invariances in random features and kernel modelscited by 89
- 2019A Fine-Grained Spectral Perspective on Neural Networkscited by 68
- 2020The Surprising Simplicity of the Early-Time Learning Dynamics of Neural Networkscited by 58
- 2017SGD Learns the Conjugate Kernel Class of the Networkcited by 54
- 2020Towards Learning Convolutions from Scratchcited by 46
- 2018Understanding training and generalization in deep learning by Fourier analysiscited by 43
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 1; 2024: 2.
6 papers.
- 2023Theoretical Analysis of Inductive Biases in Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 21
- 2022What Can Be Learnt With Wide Convolutional Neural Networks?cited by 16
- 2022The Curious Case of Benign Memorizationcited by 11
- 2024Which Frequencies do CNNs Need? Emergent Bottleneck Structure in Feature Learningcited by 9
- 2024How Deep Networks Learn Sparse and Hierarchical Data: the Sparse Random Hierarchy Modelcited by 7
- 2022An open unified deep graph learning framework for discovering drug leadscited by 0
- 2024How Deep Networks Learn Sparse and Hierarchical Data: the Sparse Random Hierarchy Model16 Apr 2024
- 2024Which Frequencies do CNNs Need? Emergent Bottleneck Structure in Feature Learning12 Feb 2024
- 2023Theoretical Analysis of Inductive Biases in Deep Convolutional Networks15 May 2023
- 2022An open unified deep graph learning framework for discovering drug leads6 Dec 2022
- 2022The Curious Case of Benign Memorization25 Oct 2022
- 2022What Can Be Learnt With Wide Convolutional Neural Networks?1 Aug 2022