Multi-Task Retrieval-Augmented Text Generation with Relevance Sampling
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper studies multi-task training of retrieval-augmented generation models for knowledge-intensive tasks. We propose to clean the training set by utilizing a distinct property of knowledge-intensive generation: The connection of query-answer pairs to items in the knowledge base. We filter training examples via a threshold of confidence on the relevance labels, whether a pair is answerable by the knowledge base or not. We train a single Fusion-in-Decoder (FiD) generator on seven combined tasks of the KILT benchmark. The experimental results suggest that our simple yet effective approach substantially improves competitive baselines on two strongly imbalanced tasks; and shows either smaller improvements or no significant regression on the remaining tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate our multi-task training with relevance label sampling scales well with increased model capacity and achieves state-of-the-art results in five out of seven KILT tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Placed in RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 29 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jul 2022.
Builds on
29 of 34 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2021Evidentiality-guided Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks16 Dec
- 2021End-to-End Training of Multi-Document Reader and Retriever for Open-Domain Question Answering9 Jun
Other references · 27
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,549
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,221
- 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,884
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,797
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,716
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,925
- 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,131
- 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,600
- 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,368
- 2021BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Modelscited by 1,237
- 2020Leveraging Passage Retrieval with Generative Models for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 1,206
- 2018Adafactor: Adaptive Learning Rates with Sublinear Memory Costcited by 900
15 more
- 2020KILT: a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Taskscited by 571
- 2018Wizard of Wikipedia: Knowledge-Powered Conversational agentscited by 530
- 2020UnifiedQA: Crossing Format Boundaries With a Single QA Systemcited by 475
- 2021Large Dual Encoders Are Generalizable Retrieverscited by 455
- 2017Zero-Shot Relation Extraction via Reading Comprehensioncited by 425
- 2021PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Themcited by 198
- 2022Autoregressive Search Engines: Generating Substrings as Document Identifierscited by 112
- 2021The Web Is Your Oyster - Knowledge-Intensive NLP against a Very Large Web Corpuscited by 60
- 2022Retrieval-Enhanced Machine Learningcited by 46
- 2021Multi-task Retrieval for Knowledge-Intensive Taskscited by 44
- 2021Hindsight: Posterior-guided training of retrievers for improved open-ended generationcited by 38
- 2021R2-D2: A Modular Baseline for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 37
- 2021Robust Retrieval Augmented Generation for Zero-shot Slot Fillingcited by 24
- 2021TREC Deep Learning Track: Reusable Test Collections in the Large Data Regimecited by 23
- 2022Introducing Neural Bag of Whole-Words with ColBERTer: Contextualized Late Interactions using Enhanced Reductioncited by 21
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2022Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Modelscited by 947
- 2022FiD-Light: Efficient and Effective Retrieval-Augmented Text Generationcited by 63
- 2025Chain-of-Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 49
- 2024Stochastic RAG: End-to-End Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Expected Utility Maximizationcited by 29
- 2022QUILL: Query Intent with Large Language Models using Retrieval Augmentation and Multi-stage Distillationcited by 21
- 2023GripRank: Bridging the Gap between Retrieval and Generation via the Generative Knowledge Improved Passage Rankingcited by 11
- 2023GLIMMER: generalized late-interaction memory rerankercited by 7
- 2024Where is the answer? Investigating Positional Bias in Language Model Knowledge Extractioncited by 6
- 2023MEMORY-VQ: Compression for Tractable Internet-Scale Memorycited by 1
- 2026Beyond Relevance: Utility-Centric Retrieval in the LLM Eracited by 0
- 2026Beyond Relevance: Utility-Centric Retrieval in the LLM Era10 Apr 2026
- 2025Chain-of-Retrieval Augmented Generation24 Jan 2025
- 2024Stochastic RAG: End-to-End Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Expected Utility Maximization5 May 2024
- 2024Where is the answer? Investigating Positional Bias in Language Model Knowledge Extraction16 Feb 2024
- 2023MEMORY-VQ: Compression for Tractable Internet-Scale Memory28 Aug 2023
- 2023GLIMMER: generalized late-interaction memory reranker17 Jun 2023
- 2023GripRank: Bridging the Gap between Retrieval and Generation via the Generative Knowledge Improved Passage Ranking29 May 2023
- 2022QUILL: Query Intent with Large Language Models using Retrieval Augmentation and Multi-stage Distillation27 Oct 2022
- 2022FiD-Light: Efficient and Effective Retrieval-Augmented Text Generation28 Sep 2022
- 2022Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Models5 Aug 2022
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2022KGI: An Integrated Framework for Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks
- 2023Retrieval-Generation Synergy Augmented Large Language Models
- 2025RAG-RL: Advancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation via RL and Curriculum Learning
- 2025ImpRAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Implicit Queries
- 2025Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Survey of Architectures, Enhancements, and Robustness Frontiers
- 2024E2E-AFG: An End-to-End Model with Adaptive Filtering for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2025Direct Retrieval-augmented Optimization: Synergizing Knowledge Selection and Language Models
- 2025MMKB-RAG: A Multi-Modal Knowledge-Based Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework