Mix and Match: An Empirical Study on Training Corpus Composition for Polyglot Text-To-Speech (TTS)
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Abstract (arXiv)
Training multilingual Neural Text-To-Speech (NTTS) models using only monolingual corpora has emerged as a popular way for building voice cloning based Polyglot NTTS systems. In order to train these models, it is essential to understand how the composition of the training corpora affects the quality of multilingual speech synthesis. In this context, it is common to hear questions such as "Would including more Spanish data help my Italian synthesis, given the closeness of both languages?". Unfortunately, we found existing literature on the topic lacking in completeness in this regard. In the present work, we conduct an extensive ablation study aimed at understanding how various factors of the training corpora, such as language family affiliation, gender composition, and the number of speakers, contribute to the quality of Polyglot synthesis. Our findings include the observation that female speaker data are preferred in most scenarios, and that it is not always beneficial to have more speakers from the target language variant in the training corpus. The findings herein are informative for the process of data procurement and corpora building.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jul 2022.
Builds on
15 of 23 references.
References · 15
- 2014Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networkscited by 2,974
- 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 800
- 2015Attention-Based Models for Speech Recognitioncited by 400
- 2018Towards End-to-End Prosody Transfer for Expressive Speech Synthesis with Tacotroncited by 171
- 2019Learning to Speak Fluently in a Foreign Language: Multilingual Speech Synthesis and Cross-Language Voice Cloningcited by 66
- 2016Improving Variational Auto-Encoders using Householder Flowcited by 41
- 2021Universal Neural Vocoding with Parallel WaveNetcited by 25
- 2018Effect of data reduction on sequence-to-sequence neural TTScited by 16
- 2020Accent and Speaker Disentanglement in Many-to-many Voice Conversioncited by 15
- 2020Towards Natural Bilingual and Code-Switched Speech Synthesis Based on Mix of Monolingual Recordings and Cross-Lingual Voice Conversioncited by 12
- 2019Unsupervised Polyglot Text To Speechcited by 10
- 2021Cross-lingual Low Resource Speaker Adaptation Using Phonological Featurescited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
4 papers.
- 2024VoiceShop: A Unified Speech-to-Speech Framework for Identity-Preserving Zero-Shot Voice Editingcited by 7
- 2023Modelling low-resource accents without accent-specific TTS frontendcited by 3
- 2023Cross-lingual Knowledge Distillation via Flow-based Voice Conversion for Robust Polyglot Text-To-Speechcited by 0
- 2025Unseen Speaker and Language Adaptation for Lightweight Text-To-Speech with Adapterscited by 0
- 2025Unseen Speaker and Language Adaptation for Lightweight Text-To-Speech with Adapters25 Aug 2025
- 2024VoiceShop: A Unified Speech-to-Speech Framework for Identity-Preserving Zero-Shot Voice Editing10 Apr 2024
- 2023Cross-lingual Knowledge Distillation via Flow-based Voice Conversion for Robust Polyglot Text-To-Speech15 Sep 2023
- 2023Modelling low-resource accents without accent-specific TTS frontend11 Jan 2023