mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

An Overview of Privacy-enhancing Technologies in Biometric Recognition

arXiv 2206.10465 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2022cs.CVcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Privacy-enhancing technologies are technologies that implement fundamental data protection principles. With respect to biometric recognition, different types of privacy-enhancing technologies have been introduced for protecting stored biometric data which are generally classified as sensitive. In this regard, various taxonomies and conceptual categorizations have been proposed and standardization activities have been carried out. However, these efforts have mainly been devoted to certain sub-categories of privacy-enhancing technologies and therefore lack generalization. This work provides an overview of concepts of privacy-enhancing technologies for biometrics in a unified framework. Key aspects and differences between existing concepts are highlighted in detail at each processing step. Fundamental properties and limitations of existing approaches are discussed and related to data protection techniques and principles. Moreover, scenarios and methods for the assessment of privacy-enhancing technologies for biometrics are presented. This paper is meant as a point of entry to the field of biometric data protection and is directed towards experienced researchers as well as non-experts.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 133 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2022.

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17 of 133 references.

References · 17

  1. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  2. 2020InterFaceGAN: Interpreting the Disentangled Face Representation Learned by GANscited by 393
  3. 2018A Survey on Data Collection for Machine Learning: a Big Data -- AI Integration Perspectivecited by 111
  4. 2017On the Reconstruction of Face Images from Deep Face Templatescited by 66
  5. 2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verifycited by 39
  6. 2020PrivacyNet: Semi-Adversarial Networks for Multi-attribute Face Privacycited by 30
  7. 2020Beyond Identity: What Information Is Stored in Biometric Face Templates?cited by 23
  8. 2017Ranking Based Locality Sensitive Hashing Enabled Cancelable Biometrics: Index-of-Max Hashingcited by 21
  9. 2020BioTouchPass2: Touchscreen Password Biometrics Using Time-Aligned Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 19
  10. 2021A Survey of Privacy Vulnerabilities of Mobile Device Sensorscited by 18
  11. 2021SVC-onGoing: Signature Verification Competitioncited by 17
  12. 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarioscited by 14
5 more
  1. 2016Data Collection and Wireless Communication in Internet of Things (IoT) Using Economic Analysis and Pricing Models: A Surveycited by 12
  2. 2021GaitPrivacyON: Privacy-Preserving Mobile Gait Biometrics using Unsupervised Learningcited by 8
  3. 2021An Attack on Facial Soft-biometric Privacy Enhancementcited by 5
  4. 2020Unsupervised Enhancement of Soft-biometric Privacy with Negative Face Recognitioncited by 4
  5. 2020Deep Learning-based Single Image Face Depth Data Enhancementcited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2024Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Using Trainable Feature Subtractioncited by 24
  2. 2023Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Using Random Frequency Componentscited by 15
  3. 2024Second FRCSyn-onGoing: Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analysis to Improve Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 13
  4. 2024Is My Data in Your AI? Membership Inference Test (MINT) applied to Face Biometricscited by 12
  5. 2025Enhancing Facial Privacy Protection via Weakening Diffusion Purificationcited by 7
  6. 2023Keystroke Verification Challenge (KVC): Biometric and Fairness Benchmark Evaluationcited by 5
  7. 2024Personalized Weight Loss Management through Wearable Devices and Artificial Intelligencecited by 5
  8. 2023AI4Food-NutritionFW: A Novel Framework for the Automatic Synthesis and Analysis of Eating Behaviourscited by 3
  9. 2023Benchmarking of Cancelable Biometrics for Deep Templatescited by 2
  10. 2023Deep Learning in the Field of Biometric Template Protection: An Overviewcited by 1
  11. 2023Reversing Deep Face Embeddings with Probable Privacy Protectioncited by 1
  12. 2024Footprints of Data in a Classifier: Understanding the Privacy Risks and Solution Strategiescited by 1
5 more
  1. 2025FaceAnonyMixer: Cancelable Faces via Identity Consistent Latent Space Mixingcited by 1
  2. 2025Is Visual Realism Enough? Evaluating Gait Biometric Fidelity in Generative AI Human Animationcited by 1
  3. 2022PrivacyProber: Assessment and Detection of Soft-Biometric Privacy-Enhancing Techniquescited by 0
  4. 2025Training-free Dimensionality Reduction via Feature Truncation: Enhancing Efficiency in Privacy-preserving Multi-Biometric Systemscited by 0
  5. 2026Variational Latent Entropy Estimation Disentanglement: Controlled Attribute Leakage for Face Recognitioncited by 0