Misleading Deep-Fake Detection with GAN Fingerprints
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have made remarkable progress in synthesizing realistic-looking images that effectively outsmart even humans. Although several detection methods can recognize these deep fakes by checking for image artifacts from the generation process, multiple counterattacks have demonstrated their limitations. These attacks, however, still require certain conditions to hold, such as interacting with the detection method or adjusting the GAN directly. In this paper, we introduce a novel class of simple counterattacks that overcomes these limitations. In particular, we show that an adversary can remove indicative artifacts, the GAN fingerprint, directly from the frequency spectrum of a generated image. We explore different realizations of this removal, ranging from filtering high frequencies to more nuanced frequency-peak cleansing. We evaluate the performance of our attack with different detection methods, GAN architectures, and datasets. Our results show that an adversary can often remove GAN fingerprints and thus evade the detection of generated images.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2022.
Builds on
22 of 39 references.
References · 22
- 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
- 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,588
- 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,988
- 2018Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,636
- 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,355
- 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,293
- 2019CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot... for nowcited by 847
- 2020Thinking in Frequency: Face Forgery Detection by Mining Frequency-aware Cluescited by 523
- 2020Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognitioncited by 504
- 2019Detecting and Simulating Artifacts in GAN Fake Imagescited by 293
- 2020Watch your Up-Convolution: CNN Based Generative Deep Neural Networks are Failing to Reproduce Spectral Distributionscited by 280
- 2020Media Forensics and DeepFakes: an overviewcited by 209
10 more
- 2018Do GANs leave artificial fingerprints?cited by 190
- 2017The Cramer Distance as a Solution to Biased Wasserstein Gradientscited by 119
- 2020Evading Deepfake-Image Detectors with White- and Black-Box Attackscited by 80
- 2019Unmasking DeepFakes with simple Featurescited by 78
- 2020Adversarial Threats to DeepFake Detection: A Practical Perspectivecited by 48
- 2019GANprintR: Improved Fakes and Evaluation of the State of the Art in Face Manipulation Detectioncited by 42
- 2020FakePolisher: Making DeepFakes More Detection-Evasive by Shallow Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2020Spectral Distribution Aware Image Generationcited by 29
- 2019SpoC: Spoofing Camera Fingerprintscited by 14
- 2020Preliminary Forensics Analysis of DeepFake Imagescited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2024An Analysis of Recent Advances in Deepfake Image Detection in an Evolving Threat Landscapecited by 16
- 2023GenConViT: Deepfake Video Detection Using Generative Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 13
- 2025RAID: A Dataset for Testing the Adversarial Robustness of AI-Generated Image Detectorscited by 4
- 2025SPRINT: Robust Model Attribution of Generated Images via Secret Pixel Reconstructioncited by 4
- 2025FakeChain: Exposing Shallow Cues in Multi-Step Deepfake Detectioncited by 3
- 2024Human vs. AI: A Novel Benchmark and a Comparative Study on the Detection of Generated Images and the Impact of Promptscited by 2
- 2025Smudged Fingerprints: A Systematic Evaluation of the Robustness of AI Image Fingerprintscited by 2
- 2026FIND: A Simple yet Effective Baseline for Diffusion-Generated Image Detectioncited by 2
- 2025Untraceable DeepFakes via Traceable Fingerprint Eliminationcited by 1
- 2026Chroma Clues: Leveraging Color Statistics to Detect Synthetic Imagescited by 0
- 2026Can Pixels Alone Reveal Image Origin? Minimax Limits and Learnable Interfaces for Passive Provenancecited by 0
- 2026Can Pixels Alone Reveal Image Origin? Minimax Limits and Learnable Interfaces for Passive Provenance25 Sep 2026
- 2026Chroma Clues: Leveraging Color Statistics to Detect Synthetic Images1 Jun 2026
- 2026FIND: A Simple yet Effective Baseline for Diffusion-Generated Image Detection15 Mar 2026
- 2025Smudged Fingerprints: A Systematic Evaluation of the Robustness of AI Image Fingerprints12 Dec 2025
- 2025FakeChain: Exposing Shallow Cues in Multi-Step Deepfake Detection20 Sep 2025
- 2025SPRINT: Robust Model Attribution of Generated Images via Secret Pixel Reconstruction6 Aug 2025
- 2025Untraceable DeepFakes via Traceable Fingerprint Elimination5 Aug 2025
- 2025RAID: A Dataset for Testing the Adversarial Robustness of AI-Generated Image Detectors4 Jun 2025
- 2024Human vs. AI: A Novel Benchmark and a Comparative Study on the Detection of Generated Images and the Impact of Prompts12 Dec 2024
- 2024An Analysis of Recent Advances in Deepfake Image Detection in an Evolving Threat Landscape24 Apr 2024
- 2023GenConViT: Deepfake Video Detection Using Generative Convolutional Vision Transformer13 Jul 2023