mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Disambiguation of morpho-syntactic features of African American English -- the case of habitual be

arXiv 2204.12421 ↗First posted 26 Apr 2022cs.CLcited by 5

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent research has highlighted that natural language processing (NLP) systems exhibit a bias against African American speakers. The bias errors are often caused by poor representation of linguistic features unique to African American English (AAE), due to the relatively low probability of occurrence of many such features in training data. We present a workflow to overcome such bias in the case of habitual "be". Habitual "be" is isomorphic, and therefore ambiguous, with other forms of "be" found in both AAE and other varieties of English. This creates a clear challenge for bias in NLP technologies. To overcome the scarcity, we employ a combination of rule-based filters and data augmentation that generate a corpus balanced between habitual and non-habitual instances. With this balanced corpus, we train unbiased machine learning classifiers, as demonstrated on a corpus of AAE transcribed texts, achieving .65 F1 score disambiguating habitual "be".

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2022.

Builds on

7 of 23 references.

References · 7

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2013Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Spacecited by 4,375
  3. 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,330
  4. 2018Deep contextualized word representationscited by 2,290
  5. 2017Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 139
  6. 2018Conditional BERT Contextual Augmentationcited by 107
  7. 2021An Empirical Survey of Data Augmentation for Limited Data Learning in NLPcited by 101

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 3.

5 papers.