Simulating Liquids with Graph Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Simulating complex dynamics like fluids with traditional simulators is computationally challenging. Deep learning models have been proposed as an efficient alternative, extending or replacing parts of traditional simulators. We investigate graph neural networks (GNNs) for learning fluid dynamics and find that their generalization capability is more limited than previous works would suggest. We also challenge the current practice of adding random noise to the network inputs in order to improve its generalization capability and simulation stability. We find that inserting the real data distribution, e.g. by unrolling multiple simulation steps, improves accuracy and that hiding all domain-specific features from the learning model improves generalization. Our results indicate that learning models, such as GNNs, fail to learn the exact underlying dynamics unless the training set is devoid of any other problem-specific correlations that could be used as shortcuts.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2022.
Builds on
16 of 24 references.
References · 16
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4 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
8 papers.
- 2024Weak baselines and reporting biases lead to overoptimism in machine learning for fluid-related partial differential equationscited by 87
- 2023LagrangeBench: A Lagrangian Fluid Mechanics Benchmarking Suitecited by 26
- 2022Thermodynamics of learning physical phenomenacited by 10
- 2024Neural SPH: Improved Neural Modeling of Lagrangian Fluid Dynamicscited by 10
- 2023Invariant preservation in machine learned PDE solvers via error correctioncited by 7
- 2023Importance of equivariant and invariant symmetries for fluid flow modelingcited by 5
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AIcited by 3
- 2023On the Relationships between Graph Neural Networks for the Simulation of Physical Systems and Classical Numerical Methodscited by 2
- 2025Aligning Perception, Reasoning, Modeling and Interaction: A Survey on Physical AI6 Oct 2025
- 2024Weak baselines and reporting biases lead to overoptimism in machine learning for fluid-related partial differential equations9 Jul 2024
- 2024Neural SPH: Improved Neural Modeling of Lagrangian Fluid Dynamics9 Feb 2024
- 2023LagrangeBench: A Lagrangian Fluid Mechanics Benchmarking Suite28 Sep 2023
- 2023Importance of equivariant and invariant symmetries for fluid flow modeling3 May 2023
- 2023On the Relationships between Graph Neural Networks for the Simulation of Physical Systems and Classical Numerical Methods31 Mar 2023
- 2023Invariant preservation in machine learned PDE solvers via error correction28 Mar 2023
- 2022Thermodynamics of learning physical phenomena26 Jul 2022