Can Interpretable Reinforcement Learning Manage Prosperity Your Way?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Personalisation of products and services is fast becoming the driver of success in banking and commerce. Machine learning holds the promise of gaining a deeper understanding of and tailoring to customers' needs and preferences. Whereas traditional solutions to financial decision problems frequently rely on model assumptions, reinforcement learning is able to exploit large amounts of data to improve customer modelling and decision-making in complex financial environments with fewer assumptions. Model explainability and interpretability present challenges from a regulatory perspective which demands transparency for acceptance; they also offer the opportunity for improved insight into and understanding of customers. Post-hoc approaches are typically used for explaining pretrained reinforcement learning models. Based on our previous modeling of customer spending behaviour, we adapt our recent reinforcement learning algorithm that intrinsically characterizes desirable behaviours and we transition to the problem of asset management. We train inherently interpretable reinforcement learning agents to give investment advice that is aligned with prototype financial personality traits which are combined to make a final recommendation. We observe that the trained agents' advice adheres to their intended characteristics, they learn the value of compound growth, and, without any explicit reference, the notion of risk as well as improved policy convergence.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2022.
Builds on
9 of 40 references.
References · 9
- 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,279
- 2019Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, Taxonomies, Opportunities and Challenges toward Responsible AIcited by 1,543
- 2017Reinforcement Learning with Deep Energy-Based Policiescited by 659
- 2020Explainability in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 96
- 2021AI in Finance: Challenges, Techniques and Opportunitiescited by 81
- 2020A Boolean Task Algebra for Reinforcement Learningcited by 46
- 2022Reinforcement Learning Your Way: Agent Characterization through Policy Regularizationcited by 6
- 2021Clustering in Recurrent Neural Networks for Micro-Segmentation using Spending Personalitycited by 5
- 2021Understanding Spending Behavior: Recurrent Neural Network Explanation and Interpretationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023A Comprehensive Review on Financial Explainable AIcited by 10
- 2023Survey on AI Ethics: A Socio-technical Perspectivecited by 4
- 2022Towards Artificial Virtuous Agents: Games, Dilemmas and Machine Learningcited by 3
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Intrinsic Affinity for Personalized Prosperity Managementcited by 1
- 2022Symbolic Explanation of Affinity-Based Reinforcement Learning Agents with Markov Modelscited by 0
- 2026Fog of Love: Engineering Virtuous Agent Behavior with Affinity-based Reinforcement Learning in a Game Environmentcited by 0
- 2026Fog of Love: Engineering Virtuous Agent Behavior with Affinity-based Reinforcement Learning in a Game Environment3 Jun 2026
- 2023Survey on AI Ethics: A Socio-technical Perspective28 Nov 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Review on Financial Explainable AI21 Sep 2023
- 2022Towards Artificial Virtuous Agents: Games, Dilemmas and Machine Learning30 Aug 2022
- 2022Symbolic Explanation of Affinity-Based Reinforcement Learning Agents with Markov Models26 Aug 2022
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Intrinsic Affinity for Personalized Prosperity Management20 Apr 2022