mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

On the Hidden Biases of Policy Mirror Ascent in Continuous Action Spaces

arXiv 2201.12332 ↗First posted 28 Jan 2022cs.LG cs.AI math.OCcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

We focus on parameterized policy search for reinforcement learning over continuous action spaces. Typically, one assumes the score function associated with a policy is bounded, which fails to hold even for Gaussian policies. To properly address this issue, one must introduce an exploration tolerance parameter to quantify the region in which it is bounded. Doing so incurs a persistent bias that appears in the attenuation rate of the expected policy gradient norm, which is inversely proportional to the radius of the action space. To mitigate this hidden bias, heavy-tailed policy parameterizations may be used, which exhibit a bounded score function, but doing so can cause instability in algorithmic updates. To address these issues, in this work, we study the convergence of policy gradient algorithms under heavy-tailed parameterizations, which we propose to stabilize with a combination of mirror ascent-type updates and gradient tracking. Our main theoretical contribution is the establishment that this scheme converges with constant step and batch sizes, whereas prior works require these parameters to respectively shrink to null or grow to infinity. Experimentally, this scheme under a heavy-tailed policy parameterization yields improved reward accumulation across a variety of settings as compared with standard benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2022.

Builds on

27 of 56 references.

References · 27

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,279
  3. 2015High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimationcited by 1,916
  4. 2013Stochastic First- and Zeroth-order Methods for Nonconvex Stochastic Programmingcited by 716
  5. 2019Momentum-Based Variance Reduction in Non-Convex SGDcited by 302
  6. 2019On the Theory of Policy Gradient Methods: Optimality, Approximation, and Distribution Shiftcited by 174
  7. 2021Policy Mirror Descent for Reinforcement Learning: Linear Convergence, New Sampling Complexity, and Generalized Problem Classescited by 149
  8. 2019Global Optimality Guarantees For Policy Gradient Methodscited by 146
  9. 2013Mini-batch Stochastic Approximation Methods for Nonconvex Stochastic Composite Optimizationcited by 142
  10. 2019Global Convergence of Policy Gradient Methods to (Almost) Locally Optimal Policiescited by 117
  11. 2018Stochastic Variance-Reduced Policy Gradientcited by 103
  12. 2020Mirror Descent Policy Optimizationcited by 102
15 more
  1. 2019Reinforcement Learning to Optimize Long-term User Engagement in Recommender Systemscited by 90
  2. 2020Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning with REINFORCEcited by 85
  3. 2020Hausdorff Dimension, Heavy Tails, and Generalization in Neural Networkscited by 62
  4. 2019Sample Efficient Policy Gradient Methods with Recursive Variance Reductioncited by 58
  5. 2021On the Linear convergence of Natural Policy Gradient Algorithmcited by 48
  6. 2019First Exit Time Analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent Under Heavy-Tailed Gradient Noisecited by 43
  7. 2020Fractional Underdamped Langevin Dynamics: Retargeting SGD with Momentum under Heavy-Tailed Gradient Noisecited by 33
  8. 2021On Proximal Policy Optimization's Heavy-tailed Gradientscited by 30
  9. 2020Momentum-Based Policy Gradient Methodscited by 28
  10. 2020Stochastic Recursive Momentum for Policy Gradient Methodscited by 22
  11. 2019The problem with DDPG: understanding failures in deterministic environments with sparse rewardscited by 20
  12. 2019Policy Optimization with Stochastic Mirror Descentcited by 17
  13. 2021On the Sample Complexity and Metastability of Heavy-tailed Policy Search in Continuous Controlcited by 12
  14. 2020Policy Gradient using Weak Derivatives for Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  15. 2017Stochastic Variance Reduction for Policy Gradient Estimationcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 3; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

11 papers.