HC4: A New Suite of Test Collections for Ad Hoc CLIR
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Abstract (arXiv)
HC4 is a new suite of test collections for ad hoc Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR), with Common Crawl News documents in Chinese, Persian, and Russian, topics in English and in the document languages, and graded relevance judgments. New test collections are needed because existing CLIR test collections built using pooling of traditional CLIR runs have systematic gaps in their relevance judgments when used to evaluate neural CLIR methods. The HC4 collections contain 60 topics and about half a million documents for each of Chinese and Persian, and 54 topics and five million documents for Russian. Active learning was used to determine which documents to annotate after being seeded using interactive search and judgment. Documents were judged on a three-grade relevance scale. This paper describes the design and construction of the new test collections and provides baseline results for demonstrating their utility for evaluating systems.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2022.
Builds on
14 of 51 references.
References · 14
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2022Neural Approaches to Multilingual Information Retrievalcited by 18
- 2022Parameter-Efficient Neural Reranking for Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Retrievalcited by 17
- 2022C3: Continued Pretraining with Contrastive Weak Supervision for Cross Language Ad-Hoc Retrievalcited by 14
- 2023Soft Prompt Decoding for Multilingual Dense Retrievalcited by 10
- 2025Evaluating Large Language Models for Cross-Lingual Retrievalcited by 5
- 2022mRobust04: A Multilingual Version of the TREC Robust 2004 Benchmarkcited by 3
- 2022Parameter-efficient Zero-shot Transfer for Cross-Language Dense Retrieval with Adapterscited by 3
- 2024Distillation for Multilingual Information Retrievalcited by 3
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documentscited by 2
- 2026SHIFT: Semantic Harmonization via Index-side Feature Transformation for Multilingual Information Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026SHIFT: Semantic Harmonization via Index-side Feature Transformation for Multilingual Information Retrieval17 Jun 2026
- 2025Evaluating Large Language Models for Cross-Lingual Retrieval18 Sep 2025
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documents22 Apr 2025
- 2024Distillation for Multilingual Information Retrieval2 May 2024
- 2023Soft Prompt Decoding for Multilingual Dense Retrieval15 May 2023
- 2022Parameter-efficient Zero-shot Transfer for Cross-Language Dense Retrieval with Adapters20 Dec 2022
- 2022mRobust04: A Multilingual Version of the TREC Robust 2004 Benchmark27 Sep 2022
- 2022Neural Approaches to Multilingual Information Retrieval3 Sep 2022
- 2022C3: Continued Pretraining with Contrastive Weak Supervision for Cross Language Ad-Hoc Retrieval25 Apr 2022
- 2022Parameter-Efficient Neural Reranking for Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Retrieval5 Apr 2022