A Comparative Study on Language Models for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
The recent development of language models has shown promising results by achieving state-of-the-art performance on various natural language tasks by fine-tuning pretrained models. In task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems, language models can be used for end-to-end training without relying on dialogue state tracking to track the dialogue history but allowing the language models to generate responses according to the context given as input. This paper conducts a comparative study to show the effectiveness and strength of using recent pretrained models for fine-tuning, such as BART and T5, on endto-end ToD systems. The experimental results show substantial performance improvements after language model fine-tuning. The models produce more fluent responses after adding knowledge to the context that guides the model to avoid hallucination and generate accurate entities in the generated responses. Furthermore, we found that BART and T5 outperform GPT-based models in BLEU and F1 scores and achieve state-of-the-art performance in a ToD system.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jan 2022.
Builds on
16 of 25 references.
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4 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
5 papers.
- 2023Transformers in Speech Processing: A Surveycited by 39
- 2023Unlocking the Potential of User Feedback: Leveraging Large Language Model as User Simulator to Enhance Dialogue Systemcited by 32
- 2023Multi-party Goal Tracking with LLMs: Comparing Pre-training, Fine-tuning, and Prompt Engineeringcited by 14
- 2024Experimental Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Goal-oriented Customer Service Chatbot with Pipeline Architecturecited by 1
- 2025RepCali: High Efficient Fine-tuning Via Representation Calibration in Latent Space for Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025RepCali: High Efficient Fine-tuning Via Representation Calibration in Latent Space for Pre-trained Language Models13 May 2025
- 2024Experimental Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Goal-oriented Customer Service Chatbot with Pipeline Architecture27 Sep 2024
- 2023Multi-party Goal Tracking with LLMs: Comparing Pre-training, Fine-tuning, and Prompt Engineering29 Aug 2023
- 2023Unlocking the Potential of User Feedback: Leveraging Large Language Model as User Simulator to Enhance Dialogue System16 Jun 2023
- 2023Transformers in Speech Processing: A Survey21 Mar 2023