mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Pistol: Pupil Invisible Supportive Tool to extract Pupil, Iris, Eye Opening, Eye Movements, Pupil and Iris Gaze Vector, and 2D as well as 3D Gaze

arXiv 2201.06799 ↗First posted 18 Jan 2022cs.CV cs.LGcited by 9

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper describes a feature extraction and gaze estimation software, named textitPistol that can be used with Pupil Invisible projects and other eye trackers in the future. In offline mode, our software extracts multiple features from the eye including, the pupil and iris ellipse, eye aperture, pupil vector, iris vector, eye movement types from pupil and iris velocities, marker detection, marker distance, 2D gaze estimation for the pupil center, iris center, pupil vector, and iris vector using Levenberg Marquart fitting and neural networks. The gaze signal is computed in 2D for each eye and each feature separately and for both eyes in 3D also for each feature separately. We hope this software helps other researchers to extract state-of-the-art features for their research out of their recordings. Link: https://es-cloud.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/d/8e2ab8c3fdd444e1a135/?p=%2FPISTOL&mode=list

Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jan 2022.

Builds on

9 of 57 references.

References · 9

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,722
  3. 2021TEyeD: Over 20 million real-world eye images with Pupil, Eyelid, and Iris 2D and 3D Segmentations, 2D and 3D Landmarks, 3D Eyeball, Gaze Vector, and Eye Movement Typescited by 32
  4. 2015ElSe: Ellipse Selection for Robust Pupil Detection in Real-World Environmentscited by 16
  5. 2020Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Raw Eye Tracking Data Segmentation, Generation, and Reconstructioncited by 12
  6. 2019Learning to Validate the Quality of Detected Landmarkscited by 11
  7. 2021Maximum and Leaky Maximum Propagationcited by 4
  8. 2021Tensor Normalization and Full Distribution Trainingcited by 3
  9. 2020A review of the low-cost eye-tracking systems for 2010-2020cited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 1; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

9 papers.

  1. 2023Zero-Shot Segmentation of Eye Features Using the Segment Anything Model (SAM)cited by 7
  2. 2023LEyes: A Lightweight Framework for Deep Learning-Based Eye Tracking using Synthetic Eye Imagescited by 4
  3. 2023One step closer to EEG based eye trackingcited by 3
  4. 2022Gaze-based Object Detection in the Wildcited by 1
  5. 2022Technical Report: Combining knowledge from Transfer Learning during training and Wide Resnetscited by 0
  6. 2023DeepMetricEye: Metric Depth Estimation in Periocular VR Imagerycited by 0
  7. 2023Teaching Unknown Objects by Leveraging Human Gaze and Augmented Reality in Human-Robot Interactioncited by 0
  8. 2024Normalized Validity Scores for DNNs in Regression based Eye Feature Extractioncited by 0
  9. 2026Eye image segmentation using visual and concept prompts with Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3)cited by 0