A Survey of Natural Language Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper offers a comprehensive review of the research on Natural Language Generation (NLG) over the past two decades, especially in relation to data-to-text generation and text-to-text generation deep learning methods, as well as new applications of NLG technology. This survey aims to (a) give the latest synthesis of deep learning research on the NLG core tasks, as well as the architectures adopted in the field; (b) detail meticulously and comprehensively various NLG tasks and datasets, and draw attention to the challenges in NLG evaluation, focusing on different evaluation methods and their relationships; (c) highlight some future emphasis and relatively recent research issues that arise due to the increasing synergy between NLG and other artificial intelligence areas, such as computer vision, text and computational creativity.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 107 of its 169 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2021.
Builds on
107 of 169 references.
References · 107
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50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2023From Retrieval to Generation: Efficient and Effective Entity Set Expansion7 Apr 2023
- 2023Beyond Statistical Similarity: Rethinking Metrics for Deep Generative Models in Engineering Design6 Feb 2023
- 2022E2E Refined Dataset1 Nov 2022
- 2022A Curriculum Learning Approach for Multi-domain Text Classification Using Keyword weight Ranking27 Oct 2022
- 2025Agentic Meta-Orchestrator for Multi-task Copilotscited by 0
- 2025Agentic Meta-Orchestrator for Multi-task Copilots26 Oct 2025
- 2022TalkToModel: Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversationscited by 65
- 2023GPT-Based Models Meet Simulation: How to Efficiently Use Large-Scale Pre-Trained Language Models Across Simulation Taskscited by 14
- 2023Correct Like Humans: Progressive Learning Framework for Chinese Text Error Correctioncited by 13
- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapycited by 7
- 2023From Retrieval to Generation: Efficient and Effective Entity Set Expansioncited by 3
- 2025From Idea to Implementation: Evaluating the Influence of Large Language Models in Software Development -- An Opinion Papercited by 3
- 2025Natural Language Generation in Healthcare: A Review of Methods and Applicationscited by 3
- 2022A Curriculum Learning Approach for Multi-domain Text Classification Using Keyword weight Rankingcited by 2
- 2022E2E Refined Datasetcited by 0
- 2025LaQual: An Automated Framework for LLM App Quality Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025LaQual: An Automated Framework for LLM App Quality Evaluation26 Aug 2025
- 2025Natural Language Generation in Healthcare: A Review of Methods and Applications7 May 2025
- 2025From Idea to Implementation: Evaluating the Influence of Large Language Models in Software Development -- An Opinion Paper10 Mar 2025
- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapy11 Nov 2024
- 2023Correct Like Humans: Progressive Learning Framework for Chinese Text Error Correction30 Jun 2023
- 2023GPT-Based Models Meet Simulation: How to Efficiently Use Large-Scale Pre-Trained Language Models Across Simulation Tasks21 Jun 2023
- 2023From Retrieval to Generation: Efficient and Effective Entity Set Expansion7 Apr 2023
- 2022E2E Refined Dataset1 Nov 2022
- 2022A Curriculum Learning Approach for Multi-domain Text Classification Using Keyword weight Ranking27 Oct 2022
- 2022TalkToModel: Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversations8 Jul 2022